参数估计

It is proved theoretically that interval estimation can be acquired by the distribution of the pivot.

文中还从理论上证明，可利用枢轴量的分布对参数m作区间估计。

Bayes statistics is applied to confidence interval estimation for parameters of J-M model.

目前，国内外关于软件可靠性模型参数的点估计方法的研究已较为深入[1，2]。

In our thesis, contents are organized as following In Chapter 1 we present our topic's internal and overseas research situations, theoretical and practical significance, and introduce the research object and contents, and the main contributions of this dissertation. Chapter 2 reviews the development of the stability results for nonlinear systems and some relevant recent results, which include Lyapunov and LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorems for nonlinear systems, and stochastic edition for stochastic nonlinear systems. Sontag's formula for systems affine in control is presented in the frame of CLF. The concepts of disturbance attenuation and the inverse optimality are also explained in this Chapter. In chapter 3 we present the solvable theorem of inverse optimal gain assignment problem, design the inverse optimal controller and the inverse optimal tracking controller for strict-feedback nonlinear continuous systems with unknown time-varing bounded disturbances and constant unknown parameters using an adaptive backstepping algorithm, which are nonlinear, continuous and are easier to realize. These designs are fully systematic and the algorithm can be directly coded in symbolic software. The results of simulation show the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

论文的结构如下：在第1章中，给出了本文研究课题的研究现状、理论意义和实际应用，并介绍了本文的研究对象、研究内容以及主要贡献；在第2章中，针对确定性非线性系统和随机非线性系统，分别介绍了Lyapunov定理、LaSalle-Yoshizawa定理及其随机版本；对仿射系统，在控制Lyapunov函数框架下，给出了Sontag公式；同时给出了非线性系统扰动抑制和逆最优控制问题的基本概念；在第3章中，针对具有未知时变有界扰动和未知定常参数的一类不确定非线性系统，给出并证明了逆最优增益配置可解定理，使用自适应Backstepping算法和均值定理，系统地设计了自适应逆最优控制器和逆最优跟踪器，这种设计方法可同时获得逆最优控制策略和自适应律，简单明了，仿真结果表明该控制算法的有效性，并给出了性能估计。

It is concluded that the dependence of isi and sg upon parameters of insulin kinetics is not significant.

说明：胰岛素动力学方程的参数变化对sg和isi的估计值影响不是很大。

So this paper shows an effective method based on an idea that uses motion compensation, general second-step keystone transform twice and at the same time, finds an isolated point and adopts WVD transform to estimate Doppler parameters for removing range walk and curvature. And what is more, the detailed deductions are given in this paper.

该文提出了一种基于利用运动补偿并两次利用广义二阶keystone变换同时结合利用孤立的散射点进行WVD变换估计多普勒参数的方法来分别消除距离弯曲和距离走动并最终对舰船成像。

The reliability data were collected by Langlie test, and then were processed to be order restricted with the isotonic regression.

该方法利用保序回归对Langlie法试验数据进行处理，给出参数的序约束估计。

Finally,the wind velocity data of Nantong observatory are used to verify the methods above-mentioned,and the likelihood ratio method and Kolmogorov statistic are used to test the fitness of the distribution.

引入涵盖Gumbel，Frechet，Weibull三类极值渐近分布的广义极值分布模型，给出该模型参数的极大似然估计的计算公式，并由此导出设计基本风速及其置信上限的计算方法。

The alternative estimators used in this paper include least squares estimator, stratified weighted least squares estimator, probability weighted least squares estimator, and Quasi-Aitken weighted least squares estimator.

中文摘要抽样调查设计随著资讯需求的增加日益复杂，然若参数的估计方法无法配合所使用的抽样调查设计，则统计推论结果将难以达到预期的精确度。

There were three major findings.(1) On the basis of the assessment of overall model fit and parameter estimates, the hypothesized second-order confirmatory factor analysis model represented an adequate fit to the sample data.(2) According to the cross-validation analysis, the second-order factorial validity of this scale was very stable.(3) This hypothesized model was invariance across these five important demographical variables, including school, gender, grade, right/left-handedness, and past experience in unintentional injury, via the testing of invariance in the multiple groups.

结果有三项主要的发现：第一、经整体暨个别的残差分析、整体模式之适配与其取代指标，以及估计参数之统计考验等结果，均指出假设此量表为二阶因素分析测量模式是相当恰当的；第二、经交互确认效度分析结果，显示此量表之二阶潜在因素结构是非常稳定；第三、经多组别不变量统计考验结果，指出此量表之二阶潜在因素结构，对於学校别、性别、年级、用手习惯，以及过去伤害经验这些社会人口变项，大致上具有因素个数、因素负荷量、因素变异数，以及测量误差变异数等不变量的特性。

Based on in comparison of all statistical criteria and behavior of estimated parameter the RRM with a fifth-order Legendre polynomial for both fixed effects and additive genetic effects, a seventh-order Legendre polynomial for permanent environment effects is equally well equipped to model all effects, which is the best model among different RRMs.

通过各种统计指标和估计参数行为的比较，确定固定效应和加性遗传效应镶嵌5阶Legendre多项式，永久环境效应镶嵌7阶Legendre多项式的随机回归模型为最优模型。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。