参数估计

In the last part of the paper, as a joint topic of shape modeling, rendering and vision cognition fields, we research a key problem in image based relighting and rendering: reflectance estimation.

在本文的最后部分，作为形体造型与绘制以及视觉理解的交叉课题，作者研究了基于图像的光照与绘制的一个重要问题——反射模型参数估计。

The results reveal that spectra obtained by different parametric methods are similar. The spectra of normal cells' voltage have only one noticeable lobe due to fluctuation of molten alumina at anodes, while spectra of other abnormal cells have one mainlobe and one sidelobe. In cells with carbon in bath the spectral mainlobe of cell voltage is still due to the fluctuation of molten alumina at anodes and the sidelobe is due to the fluctuation of carbon in bath; in cells with metal pad wave, the spectral mainlobe is due to metal pad waving and the sidelobe is still due to the fluctuation of molten alumina at anodes. Compared with wavelet packet analysis, spectral analysis is simpler and takes less time in calculation, which is a big merit in the large-scale application of online diagnosis systems of working conditions in aluminum reduction cells.

研究结果表明：不同的参数估计法得到趋于一致的频谱分析结果，正常槽只有1个尖锐谱峰，对应于阳极下熔融氧化铝涌动的特征峰，其他故障槽都有2个特征谱峰，即1个主峰和1个次峰，碳渣槽的主峰仍然对应着阳极下熔融氧化铝涌动特征峰，次峰对应悬浮碳渣的涌动特征峰；铝液波动槽主峰对应铝液波动特征峰，次峰对应着熔融氧化铝涌动的特征峰；频谱分析相对于小波包分析具有算法简单、耗时少、物理意义明确等特点，在槽况在线诊断系统的大规模推广中具有优势。

According to the parameters estimated by market power equation, the majority of Chinese industries are still in low-concentrated oligopoly market based on the "Behn standard", and industry resources need to be further optimally allocated.

根据市场力量方程的参数估计，我回多数工业行业仍处于&贝恩标准&下的低集中型寡占市场，行业资源有待于进一步优化配置。

To hydrological system, the samples of the hydrological factors are not sufficient, and the infection factors that formated is complex, the suppose of the probability distribution function that accord with the practical condition then undergo parameters estimation are impossible.

特别是对水文系统，各种水文要素的样本不多，且其形成的影响因素复杂，要假设出合乎实际情况的概率分布函数并进行参数估计是比较困难的。

The heavy-tailed distribution is used to model the radar cross section for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar images, and its parameters are estimated in this paper.

本文使用拖尾分布来描述高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像的雷达横截面积，并研究拖尾分布的参数估计问题。

Assessment of image quality ; parameter estimation ; JPEG ; Laplacian distribution

图像质量评价；参数估计； JPEG图像； Laplacian分布

In Chapter 6, in view of periodic orbits of nonlinear mappings play a central role in the study of chaos dynamical systems.

仿真试验表明，该算法具有良好的适应性、可靠性和较高的精度，是混沌系统参数估计的成功算法。

The experiment data of paramecium from Gause was used to investigate the efficiency of the method. And the twelve nonlinear real examples from "Agricultural Experimental Statistics" written by Mo Huidong were used to compare the difference between results fit by the Excel and the linear transformation method, respectively. The result showed that the Excel fitting method is not only simple and efficient for the parameter estimation but can fit various complex nonlinear equations also.

采用Gause的4组草履虫数据，研究了用Excel的&规划求解&工具进行非线性方程拟合的有效性，并以莫惠栋的《农业试验统计》一书中的12个非线性方程实例，比较了用Excel拟合与用常规线性转换方法拟合的差异，结果表明：用Excel进行非线性方程的拟合不仅简单易行、获得更优的参数估计，而且可以拟合各种复杂的非线性方程。

It should be noted that we did execute weightings to match the CATI data to national Census parameter estimates.

应当指出的是，我们没有执行权重，以符合计算机辅助电话谈话全国人口普查数据的参数估计。

Combined with the Innovative Foundation Project in High Technological Development-Plan of Ministry of National Science and Technology (i.e. a research on passive localizing system based on a non-co-operative transmitter like as Television and FM broadcast), we investigated on signal detection and estimation methods in passive localizing system in detail.

结合科技部高技术发展计划创新基金项目——&基于电视、调频广播等非合作性照射源的无源探测定位系统&，作者对基于电视、调频广播信号的无源探测定位系统中的弱信号检测与参数估计算法进行了深入研究。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新