参数

The geometrical parameters of the wing and tail planform and few geometrical parameters of fuselage which have more on the configuration are optimized and those constant parameters are given values according to the designer's experience or the optimizations of the parts.

在优化时，将整机外形几何参数分为优化变量和固定参量；主要优化对总体外形影响较大的机翼、尾翼的平面形状几何参数以及少数几个机身的几何参数；对于固定参量，根据经验或部件层次上的优化结果给出固定值。

Based on the study on how to set the initial population and operational parameter s of operators, a conclusion can be drawn that distribution of the initial population and the selection of operational parameter s of operators directly concerns global convergence and searching efficiency of genetic algorithm.

通过对遗传算法初始种群与操作参数设定问题的研究，认为初始种群的分布状态与算子操作参数的选取直接关系遗传算法的全局收敛性与搜索效率，对初始种群与各操作参数进行合理设定是应用遗传算法进行寻优计算的重要问题。

Parameter estimate lays particular emphasis on individual population parameter of model in the past. Its common purpose aims at seeking one method to optimize parameter in the equation.

以往参数估计研究都侧重于单个种群模型中的参数确定，其共同的目的旨在寻求一种使方程中参数达到最优化的方法。

According to each joint motion parameter, the manipulators position and pose can be solved, as well as according to the specified relevant position and pose parameter, each joint motion parameter can be solved.

根据各关节的运动参数，求解机械手的位置和姿态；以及根据给定的相关位置和姿态参数，求解各关节的运动参数。

The voltage and the sensitivity of voltage to system operation parameters are calculated by Newton power flow approach; the various higher order derivatives of voltage and voltage sensitivity to line openbreak parameter can be obtained by using the convergent correction equation of power flow and the equation of calculating sensitivity for the N power system. Finally, the voltage and sensitivity of N-1 power system can he calculated by correcting the voltage and sensitivity of N power system by Taylor series expansion.

通过牛顿潮流计算出N网络的各节点电压及其对系统运行参数的灵敏度；利用已收敛的潮流修正方程式和N网络灵敏度计算方程式分别对线路开断参数多阶求导，从而计算出电压和灵敏度对此线路开断参数的多阶导数值；根据泰勒级数展开式修正N网络的电压和灵敏度值，得到N-1网络的电压和灵敏度值。

Aiming at the big time-delay,big burthen fluctuating and mutable characteristic of the controlled object,combining Smith predicator with PID controller,the BP neural network tuning Smith-PID controlling policy is presented.

针对大时滞时变对象，把Smith补偿控制原理和PID参数的自适应调整方法结合起来，提出了基于BP神经网络整定Smith PID控制算法，即在Smith预估补偿控制系统中，利用BP神经网络在线自学习整定PID参数，使PID参数实现最佳的非线性组合，以适应对象特性的变化，从而克服了常规PID算法不适应大时滞系统控制和常规Smith算法过于依赖模型精度的缺陷。

Nokia research center, Beijing 100013; 4. School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Hang University, Beijing 100083Abstract An initial quantity parameter prejudgment algorithm that can predict the initial QP precisely is proposed based on statistics of encoded frames and frame complexity eigenvalue of I frame.

基于视频图像编码前的参数信息和I帧图像复杂度的特征量分析，建立算法模型，提出了精确预测初始量化参数算法，该算法可准确预测初始量化参数。

A method for decreasing energy consumption includes obtaining relevant configuration parameter from system master control unit by user circuit management unit when device is started up and dynamically controlling operation mode of user circuit by user circuit management unit according to relevant configuration parameter as per preset configuration requirement when cyclic-scanning of user circuit is executed.

本发明提供了一种通过动态控制用户电路的工作模式来降低能耗的方法和系统，其中，该方法可以包括以下步骤：步骤一、当设备启动或相关配置参数发生更改时，用户电路管理单元从系统主控单元获取相关配置参数；以及步骤二、当执行用户电路的周期扫描时，用户电路管理单元按照预定配置要求，根据相关配置参数来动态控制用户电路的工作模式。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

By using technology of orientation object program design and parameter design thought,the design for semi-automatic iodixed salt machine was realized, and the parameter graphics stock for semi-automatic iodized salt machine was set up.

运用面向对象的程序设计技术和参数化设计思想，实现了半自动加碘机的参数化设计，并建立了半自动加碘机的参数化图形库

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。