参数

In Chapter 6, different from the traditional adaptive control that mainly deals with unknown parameters, nonparametric adaptive control for unknown structures is introduced by using the nonparametric estimation methods developed in Statistics.

在第6章，与传统的主要对付未知参数的适应控制不同，引进针对未知结构的非参数适应控制，其利用了统计学中发展起来的非参数估计方法。

This paper adopts parametric method, semiparametric method and nonparametric method to estimate the VaR of the futures market.

本文分别采用参数法、半参数法与非参数法来估计铜期货市场的风险值。

Empirical likelihood is a nonparametric statistical method used to construct confidence regions for multivariate means,and more generally,for parameters defined by estimating equations.

经验似然是一种非参数统计方法，用于对多元均值参数和更一般地，由估计方程定义的参数，构造置信域。

As the parameters are numerous in non-rigid registration model, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is selected to achieve exploration and exploitation in the whole feasible space accurately and fleetly for the unknown parameters of nonrigid transformation. Particle swarm optimization algorithm has the characteristic of fast global searching for the optimal, but it is restricted in applications by the inclination of its particles falling into premature convergence.

在非刚性图像配准的框架下，提出应用Wendland紧支径向基函数作为参数化的空间变换模型，并针对非刚性配准模型的未知参数量大的问题，提出应用全局化的粒子群优化算法对整个可行性空间进行快速而准确的探索和挖掘，以求得非刚性变形的未知参数。

It is found that with the increase of solvent/polymer interaction parameterx_(23 or nonsolvent/polymer interaction parameterx_(13 the miscibility gap decreaseses.The effect of nonsolvent/solvent interaction parameterx_(12 on the binodal curve is relatively complicated.

2通过考察相互作用参数对三元体系相图的影响，发现随着溶剂/聚合物之间相互作用参数x_(23)或者非溶剂/聚合物之间相互作用参数x_(13)的增加，均相区减小。

Missirlis in article [1]. At the same time, a sufficient condition for convergence of the PSD method is given to be compared when the coefficient matrix A of the linear system Ax = b is a symmetric, positively defective matrix. In §3.2, an example is given to state that the range of our sufficient condition is wider than theorem 3.3 of article [1]. On the other hand, following a.n analogous approach of [14] and starting the functional relationshipwe have a perfect analysis for the PSD method to converge and optimum valves for the involved parameters under different conditions.Under the assumptions that A is a consistent ordered matrix with nonvanishing diagonal elements and the eigenvalues of the Jacobi matrix of A are real,we get necessary and sufficient conditions for the PSD method to convergence.The result is equal to theorem 1 of article [9].Under the same condition, we can see the optimal parameter and of corresponding spectral radius of thePSD method in [8]:(2)When A is a consistent ordered matrix with nonvanishing diagonal elements and the eigenvalues of the Jacobi matrix of A are imaginary or zero,we get necessary and sufficient conditions for the PSD method to convergence.In chapter 3, the optimal parameter and of corresponding spectral radius of the PSD method are given by table 3.3. Moreover, under the assumption 0

Missirlis在文献[1]中定理3.3的不准确，同时给出了当线性方程组Ax=b的系数矩阵A为对称正定阵时，PSD迭代法收敛的一个充分条件与之比较，并且在§2.3中用实例说明了对于一部分矩阵而言本文得到的充分条件广于[1]中定理3.3的充分条件；另一方面，按照文献[14]的方法，我们从PSD迭代法的特征值λ与其Jacobi迭代矩阵B的特征值μ的关系式：出发，在不同条件下对PSD迭代法的收敛性和最优参数以及最优谱半径进行了完整的分析：(1)在系数矩阵A为(1，1)相容次序矩阵且对角元全不为零，其Jacobi迭代矩阵B的特征值全为实数的条件下，给出了PSD迭代法收敛的充分必要条件，此结果与[9]中的定理1等价，此时最优参数及最优谱半径由[8]得：(2)第三章表3.3中给出了，当系数矩阵A为(1，1)相容次序矩阵且对角元全不为零，其Jacobi迭代矩阵B的特征值全为纯虚数或零时的PSD迭代法的收敛范围和最优参数，并且我们可以得到当0

Multi-loop control porameter is calculated according to the different route porameter, and several types route coneroller parameter is calculated in off-line processing.

采用标准的数法设计PID控制器，能确切地给出系统的过渡时间和超调量，可以根据不同的航道参数的计算多回路控制参数，可以离线地计算出多个典型航道控制器参数。

Simulation results show that the performance of the open-loop control system is poor when the model parameters change. The second system is designed via feedback linearization method. Since the path signal is introduced as feedback signal, the designed closed-loop control system improves the system robustness to the parameter perturbation. Simulation results verify that the closed-loop control system shows better performance than the time optimal control system.

前者侧重于时间最短的控制性能，但由于是开环控制，当出现参数摄动时，系统的性能会受到较大影响；后者由于引入了飞艇轨迹的反馈信号，因而相对提高了系统对参数摄动的鲁棒性，计算量较小，并且仿真结果证实了这种闭环系统设计方案可以抑制参数摄动带来的影响，与时间最优开环控制系统相比，显著提高了控制精度、改善了控制效果。

Conceptually, we present the principle of optimality for defuzzification and the optimal defuzzification mapping; methodologically, we convert the problem of finding the optimal defuzzification mapping into the one of finding the optimal parameters, suggesting a specific method for its realization—POD method; operationally, we advance that the learning of the parameters for defuzzification can be realized by the learning process using extended Kalman filter.

在概念上，提出了解模糊的优化原理和最优解模糊映射；在方法上，将求最优解模糊映射问题转化为一个参数优化问题，并提出了一个具体实现方法——POD方法；在实际操作上，我们提出可用基于增广Kalman滤波的参数学习算法来完成解模糊过程参数的学习。

To develop the missile quasi-linear model, a state space model is established for missile dynamics, and function substitution method is used to describe the nonlinear dynamics of missile as linear combinations of functions of given time-varying parameters. With the minimizing variation range of model parameters over the whole design envelope as the optimum aim, linear programming optimum arithmetic is used to determine the model parameters at selected grid points.

为了建立导弹准线性化模型，将导弹动力学描述为状态空间形式；采用函数替换方法将导弹的非线性动力学描述为关于特定时变参数的函数的线性组合形式；以整个设计区间内模型参数变化范围最小为优化目标，采用线性规划优化算法确定了所选网格点上的模型参数。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。