参数

The proposed method has the merit that the numerical characteristics of stochastic temperature field response can be obtained by analyzing the random temperature field just in one time.3. Perturbed numerical algorithm of nonprobabilistic convex set theoretical models on the temperature fieldThe uncertain parameters of physical parameters and initial boundary conditions of heat conduction are described by the convex model. The perturbation formulas of the upper and lower bounds of temperature field response with unknown-but-bounded parameters are given via the combination of matrix perturbation theory and the convex set theory model.4. Numerical analysis for transient temperature field with interval parametersConsidering the uncertainties of the transient heat transfer, the physical parameters and initial boundary conditions are regarded as interval variables.

该方法具有只进行一次随机温度场分析便可以获得其响应的数字特征的优点。3、温度场的非概率凸集合理论模型的摄动数值解法将结构导热的物理参数、温度场的初始和边界条件等不确定性参数以凸模型加以描述，基于矩阵摄动理论和处理不确定问题的凸集合理论模型的结合，导出有界不确定参数瞬态温度场响应所在集合的上、下界摄动计算公式。4、具有区间参数的瞬态温度场数值分析考虑结构瞬态热传导问题的不确定性，将结构各物理参数和温度的初、边值条件均视为区间变量。

According to the geology and well test data of Neopaleozoic tight reservoir in Tabamiao region, we begin with the conventional log response characteristic analysis and extract the classification ratio parameters to visual identify and evaluate reservoir characteristic. That is the lithologic, electric and physical ratio parameters and gas synthetical characteristic exponent.

依据塔巴庙区块上古生界致密储层各种地质、试井成果等的资料，从常规测井响应特征分析入手，提取建立了一套直观识别评价储层特征的分类比值参数，即"四性"测井特征参数：岩性比值参数、电性比值参数、物性比值参数和含气综合特征指数。

The first one focuses upon the fundamental theory and methods of system identification, including the basic concepts of system description and identification,review of matrix theory, stochastic process and pulse response of linear systems; the first principle models for lumped and distributed parameter systems; modeling of bioreactions; auto regressive moving average model; weighted least square and regressive weighted least square for parameter estimation of ARMA model; Runge-Kutta and Simplex methods; an example of BPNN application; as well as Kalman Filter.

第一部分包括知识驱动建模、数据驱动建模、参数估计和状态估计的基础理论和方法。具体为：(1)系统辨识和系统描述的基本概念，包括矩阵论、随机过程、线性系统的脉冲响应函数等基础知识回顾；(2)基于动态物料和能量衡算的集总参数、分布参数对象的知识驱动建模方法；(3)生物反应系统的建模方法；(4)自回归移动平均模型；(5) ARMAX模型参数的加权最小二乘参数估计一次性算法和递推算法，相应的统计性质；(6)龙格库塔法和单纯形法；BP神经网络应用实例；(7)卡尔曼滤波器，及其与加权最小二乘参数估计递推算法的对比。

At each level, the parameters, hyper parameters and model parameters are adjusted to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between their posteriors and real distributions so that the variable free energy can approach the real free energy.

在指出证据框架和自由能最小化方法等贝叶斯推理方法的局限性的前提下，通过对比证据框架的方法，提出了自由能框架的概念，将通常难以求解的自由能最小化过程分解成参数自由能最小化、超参数自由能最小化、模型参数自由能最小化等层次，在每个层次上调节参数、超参数和模型参数，使其后验分布为其真实分布之同的Kullback-Leibler距最小，以使可变自由能逼近真实自由能。

The method of prediction on stochastical simulating 3D parameter field of rock mechanics is brought forward in this paper. Namely, rock mechanics parameters- curve obtained by known and limited conventional log materials is took as inputs of hard data;and seismic attribute data body, hydrating of mud shale and rock environmental parameters data is took as constraint of soft data. By simulating stochastically through optimizing algorithm of Sequential Gauss Simulation,dynamical data field of rock mechanics parameter of three-dimensional space are gotten, then log response of rock mechanics parameters in position of any point in space is predicted.

提出三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测的方法，即以已知有限的常规测井资料计算出来的岩石力学参数曲线作为硬数据输入，以已知地震属性数据体及泥页岩水化和岩石环境参数数据作为软数据约束，选择序贯高斯模拟方法，随机模拟得到动态规律变化的岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场，然后由岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场预测空间任一位置的岩石力学参数在井上的测井响应，并把该反映动态规律变化的测井响应按照油田勘探开发的要求输出成特定格式，供生产和工程上使用。

Basing on my own experimental results and that of theSLA researcher (Takayuki Nakamori 2001), I come to this tentative conclusion: UGPrinciples are accessible to all L2 learners, no matter whether the principles are instantiatedin the L1 or not; with respect to the parameters, the parametric values instantiated in the L1are initially available; while the two languages differ in parameter settings, someparameters can be resettable but to some other parameters, such as the Spec-parameter that isassociated with functional categories, become difficult even closed to the resetting; otherwiseevery L2 learner can acquire the target language successfully as well as the native speakerdoes.

根据自己的实验结果及第二语言研究者(Takayuki Nakamori 2001)的实验结果得出了这样一个结论：普遍语法中的原则对所有的第二语言习得者来说仍然可及，不管这些原则是否体现在第一语言中；但在参数方面，体现在第一语言里的参数值在第二语言习得中是可以首先习得的，但当第一语言和第二语言的参数值不同时，某些参数可以重新设定而对某些参数例如与功能管辖范围相关的具体参数就很难甚至不能重新设定；否则每一个第二语言习得者都能像母语习得者习得母语那样成功地习得目标语。

On this basic, we use intelligent decision technology based on case reasoning to NC cutting parameter decision and analysis. According the characters of NC cutting parameter decision, we take decision based on NC techniques rule, cutting case matching based on similar degree and cutting parameter correcting based on rules to design and realize system. Combining many field technologies, it makes a unique method to resolve NC cutting parameter problem. This design pattern is a new thinking for NC cutting parameter process.

在此基础上，本文将基于实例推理的智能决策技术用于数控切削参数的决策分析，根据切削参数决策判断过程的特点，分别按照基于规则的切削加工方案决策—基于相似度的切削参数实例匹配—基于规则的切削参数实例修正的设计思路进行了系统设计和实现，多个领域的技术紧密结合，形成解决切削参数难题的独特方法，开辟了数控切削参数处理的新思路。

In this paper, with an original designed tool and selected welding parameters, 2024-T4 aluminum alloy sheets were friction stir welded successfully. A series of weld experiments were performed; the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the joints were analyzed. The influences of the welding parameters upon the quality of the joints were studied. The optimized welding parameters window was obtained in which high quality joints can be made and the tensile strength of the optimized joints were more than 80% of that of parent metal. The residual stresses of FSW joints have been investigated by using the Hole-drilling method.

本文自主设计搅拌头，通过选择合适的工艺参数，成功实现了硬铝合金2024-T4板材搅拌摩擦焊接；通过对接头成形和微观组织的研究得到可以实现焊接的工艺参数范围和工艺参数对接头成形的影响规律，并结合接头力学性能研究形成了接头性能与工艺参数之间的关系，并据此建立了优化工艺参数窗口，优化工艺参数下接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的80%以上。

A detailed model of non-linear parametric excitation vibration coupling the stay cable and the girder, in which the static sag as well as the geometric non-linearity are considered, is proposed in this paper. Based on several numeric examples investigated by the Galerkin method composed with the integration strategy, several kinds of factors effecting stay cable parameter vibration are studied. Another parameter vibration model by the axial excitation is presented and the corresponding nonlinear equations are derived. The smallest excitation amplitude,the transient state and steady state resonance amplitudes, and the changing characteristics of the axial force are obtained by using harmonic balance method. According to numerical examples calculated by numerical integration method, the effects of the inner damping of the stay cables are investigated.

本文创新地提出了斜拉桥拉索-桥面耦合参数振动模型，推导了索-桥耦合非线性参数振动方程组，联合Galerkin法及数值积分方法，对各种特性的拉索进行了数值求解，得出了影响拉索参数振动的各种因素；提出了斜拉索受轴向端激励参数振动模型，导出了模型的非线性振动方程，使用谐波平衡法得出了产生参数振动需要的最小激励幅值、共振时瞬态及稳态的振动幅值及索拉力的变化特性，并用数值积分方法对实际斜拉桥拉索进行了计算，分析了拉索阻尼对参数振动的影响。

Identification and selection of dominant vibration-modes contributory to wind-induced vibration response for large-span space lattice structures;2. The wind-induced vibration response of single-layer cylindrical shells is analyzed by frequency domain method in this paper.

运用频域分析法对单层筒壳进行风振动力响应分析，在基本参数(阻尼比参数、地貌参数、几何参数、支座高度参数)的常用变化范围内，进行大量的算例计算，然后对所得的计算结果进行统计分析，考察各参数对单层筒壳的风振响应及风振系数的影响，在此基础上提出单层筒壳抗风设计的实用方法。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。