参数

The examples indicate that the unkown line parameters can be estimated faster and more accurately with the proposed objective function and SPSO and the solving procedure relies less on the augmented jacobian matrix.

仿真算例表明：修正目标函数和SPSO算法能快速准确地估计线路参数，且可提高估计准确度和降低对量测系统参数可估计性的要求；取连续多次估计的均值，则可减小量测误差导致的参数估计偏差。

In autoregression models, when the parameter from GED is known, adaptive rejection sampling method is used to estimate parameters; when the parameter from GED is unknown, we have to decide a range, also use the same method to give a reasonable estimate of the parameters.

在自回归模型中，GED分布的参数已知的情况下，基于似然函数的形式用拒绝抽样方法估计自回归系数；GED分布的参数未知时，我们给定参数的范围，用拒绝抽样方法寻找自回归系数合理的估计值。

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

The article presents a design method of tunable cavity band-pass filter.

介绍了一种可调腔体带通滤波器的设计方法，从集总网络参数原理出发，结合直接耦合腔体滤波器的参数确定方法，以及根据耦合孔的相关理论，计算得到所设计滤波器的尺寸参数。

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

OBJECTIVE To design and develop a clinical pharmacokinetics and individual drug dosage regimens system CPKDP program for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing individualizing dosage regimens using routine clinical data of plasma levels. METHODS According to the principle of population pharmacokinetics and Bayes" formula, CPKDP program was written with FOXPRO 2.6 and BORLAND C++ 3.1, and was run on 486 microcomputer with UCDOS 5.0. RESULTS CPKDP program was adapted for drugs with different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, and for single dose or multiple dose administration. Using 1 or 2 measured drug concentrations, individual patient"s pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on population-average pharm-acokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION CPKDP program is applied for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing drug therapy in individual patients.

目的为利用临床常规监测的血药浓度数据估算病人的个体药动学参数，优化给药方案，设计、研制了临床药动学给药个体化系统CPKDP程序方法依据群体药动学原理及Bayes公式，CPKDP程序用FOXPRO 2.6和BORLAND C++ 3.1开发，在希望汉字系统UCDOS 5.0平台上运行结果CPKDP程序适用于具有不同药动学特征的多种药物，适用于不同给药途径的单剂量或多剂量给药在群体药动学参数的基础上，结合病人个体特征，以1，2个血药浓度作为反馈，即可拟合估算个体药动学参数，优化给药方案结论经初步应用，CPKDP程序是应用Bayes反馈法开展临床个体化给药工作非常实用的工具

These curves contain a shape parameter which can adjust the softness of curve and have the same continuity with the original B-spline. In succession, using the positive conditions of Bernstein polynomial to find a range in which the shape parameter takes its value so as to make the corresponding interpolating curves monotonicity-preserving and C~2 continuous.

利用奇异混合的思想构造出一类带有形状参数的多项式样条曲线，即均匀α-B样条曲线，在无需反求方程组、迭代过程和最值求解的情况下就能轻松做到插值给定的点列；它含有形状参数α，这就增加了曲线的柔性，同时又和原B样条曲线具有相同的参数连续性。

The basic idea is as follows: first, a kind of plane α-B-spline interpolation curve with a shape control parameter a is constructed; then, by converting the first derivatives of the curve into Bernstein polynomial, the positive conditions of Bernstein polynomial can be used to get the necessary and sufficie nt conditions for the monotonicity of α-B-spline interpolation curves, i.e., the range of the parameter a. Therefore, monotone-preserving interpolating curves can be obtained succinctly.

其基本思想是：首先构造带有形状可调参数的一类平面(-B样条插值曲线，再把其一阶导矢的两个分量分别转化为Bernstein多项式，从而利用Bernstein多项式的正性条件，得到此曲线为单调的充要条件，即形状参数的取值范围，简单、快捷地实现此参数样条曲线的保单调插值。

For fitting ROC curves and getting the area under the ROC curve, we applied the parametric methods of binormal models and ordinal regression models, the semiparametric method of Cox proportional hazards model, the nonparametric methods of Hanley, Delong.

本文采用双正态模型、有序回归模型等参数法，Cox比例风险模型半参数法，Hanley、Delong非参数法拟合了ROC曲线；文中也考虑了样本量的估计、协变量的混杂效应、再抽样技术计算ROC曲线下面积的标准误与可信区间等问题；并研究了SROC分析方法。

On the base of analysis concerning Tianjing and Tanggo-Xingang soil properties and observation results of settlements, some rules of settlement of buildings in the area were obtained. Final settlements, settlements at end of construction and the time of final settlement were discussed. Tests used for determining paramcters of four models were introduced. The parameters in Duncan-Chang model are determined from isotropic consolidation test and the parameters in Gong-Xiannan model from Ko consolidation tests while the parameters in the model proposedin chapter 2 from the equal increment stress ratio test and ones in the bounding surface model developed in chapter 3 from the effective stress-path of CIU test.

根据天津市区及塘沽新港地区的地基土质情况以及沉降观测资料，分析了该地区建筑物沉降的一些规律，讨论了最终沉降量，完工时的沉降量以及沉降稳定时所需要的时间，介绍了确定各模型参数所需要的试验：Duncan—Zhang模型参数根据等向固结的三轴试验确定；龚晓南Ko固结模型根据Ko固结三轴试验确定；本文建立的非线性弹性模型根据等向增量应力比试验确定，边界面模型参数可根据固结不排水剪切试验的有效应力路径确定。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。