参数

Lagrange multiplication operator was used to analyze the parameter estimation equation for obtaining the optimized estimation of parameters. Computer simulation result showed that this method is better than traditional least squares estimation.

计算机仿真的结果表明，该优于传统的最小二乘估计法，获得的估计参数是渐进无偏的，获得的估计参数的辨识精度更高，该参数约束估计法在系统辨识和参数估计领域具有极其重要的实际应用价值。

Standard nonparametric tests and confidence intervals for continuous and categorical data; nonparametric estimation of quantiles; robust estimation of location and scale parameters.

非参数和稳健方法：连续和类别数据的标准非参数检验和置信区间，分位数的非参数估计，阶和位置参数的稳健估计，传统方法的效果比较。

By using the least square method and the weighted functionmethod of nonparametric estimation together, this paper defines the wavelet estimators of β and g.

本文采用了半参数估计常用的办法之一——最小二乘法结合非参数权函数估计法定义了参数分量和非参数分量的估计，这里的权函数不是通常所采用的核权函数或近邻权函数，而是由小波方法所得到的权函数，我们称它为小波权函数。

The experiments express that the power of parametric test is not higher than nonparametric test at any time. According to different situation to select different statistical analysis methods in order to interpret data reasonably in practice.

参数检验的效能不一定高于非参数检验，在非参数检验方法不断发展的今天，应在适当的情况下，选择非参数统计方法，可以较好地解决实际问题。

Many IP based SOC design approaches focus on mapping an application onto a previously designed complex SOC architecture built from an existing IP by configuring and extending the architecture, representing a configure and execute methodology.

这种方法是从一个预设计的参数化SOC体系结构出发，以参数化的IP核为组件，通过编写代码、设置参数的方式，对可编程的IP核进行配置以实现设计，通过模拟器仿真执行以完成功能验证，最后产生物理芯片。由于IP核的多样性及其可优化参数的矛盾性，使得SOC的设计空间极其复杂。

Unscented transformation is used to improve the performance of extended kalman filter in the field of automatic control because it can reach accuracy of second order linear approximation. UT compensation can make us to estimate more accurate noisy acoustic model parameters corresponding to static feature of speech and we also proposes several kinds of engineering implementations to improve the efficiency up to six times faster than usual implementation of UT compensation.

针对声学模型参数在噪声环境下非线性变化的补偿问题，现在国际上广泛使用的PMC和VTS声学模型参数补偿算法只能达到其线性展开的一阶近似，所以本文通过使用自动控制领域用来提高扩展卡尔曼滤波器性能的称作Unscented Transformation的技术，可以达到对声学模型参数非线性变化的二阶近似，得到的声学模型参数更加精确。

For the process of forming member gear, the machine setting parameters for Free-form generators can be determined by either direct or equivalent transformation, both methods coincide with each other. For generated pinion, the author utilizes a imaginary modified member gear to get original machine setting parameters for traditional cradle-type generator, and then establishes a mathematical model including the second and third order contact parameters of the gear pair for optimal synthesis to optimize the quality of contact transmission of the gearing.

对于成形法加工大轮可以直接或通过等效转化的办法确定Free-form型机床的调整参数，二者是完全一致的；对于展成法加工小轮，作者利用假想修正大轮的概念获得传统摇台类机床调整参数的初值，然后建立包含齿轮副二阶接触参数和三阶接触参数的优化数学模型，以优化齿轮副的啮合传动质量。

Topics covered include: density estimation (incorporating such topics as kernel density estimates, nearest neighbor estimates, variable kernel methods, orthogonal series estimates, maximum penalized likelihood estimates, bandwidth choice), nonparametric regression (incorporating kernel methods, spline methods, penalized likelihood, bandwidth choice, generalized additive models), and bootstrapping.

非参数建模专题：非参数建模专题：基于计算机的非参数统计方法论。包括：密度估计(如：核密度估计，最近邻估计，可变核方法，正交序列估计，最大补偿似然估计法，带宽选择)非参数回归(如：，核方法，样条方法，补偿似然估计，带宽选择，广义可加模型，)和 bootstrapping 方法。

By iteratively combining these two procedures we achieve a way of training the configuration of RBFNN. In addition, the algorithm is very robust with respect to the noise level. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithms are sound. In chapter 3, which is the extension of chapter 2, the improvements of the architectures of RBFNNs and the solutions of their relating problems are discussed, Firstly, an new distance metric is advanced and a forward orthogonal least square selection procedure is applied to learning the parameters of classification function and selecting the important input nodes.

首先分析了目前存在的同时确定RBFNN结构和参数的方法的缺陷，在此基础上提出了用基于拉马克的进化学说的进化编程算法来改进算法，以克服某些缺陷；然后针对受到严重噪声污染的系统，如何提高RBFNN的泛化能力的问题，利用基于AIC的适应度函数的改进遗传算法学习结构和参数；最后介绍基于MDL原理的方法，将优化网络的结构和参数分为两个阶段：训练和进化，先自适应地改变RBFNN基函数的中心和宽度，同时训练输出线性权值，再用基于MDL原理的适应度函数的标准GA来优化隐层节点，通过交替使用这两过程达到训练RBFNN的结构和参数的目的，该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。

Space curve is one of the basic elements in geometric modeling, and its effective representation is the basis of modeling. Parametric representation based on features is a kind of high-level representation including semantic information. In Chapter 4, para- metric representations based on features for free form space curve are investigated, and a parametric model for the loop of plain knitted fabric is established, in which 5 parameters with practical meanings are used to represent the shape of a loop and the relationship between loops. A new shrinkage prediction method for knitted fabric are proposed based on the parametric representation and energy minimizing. Experimental results on some plain knitted fabrics illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

空间曲线是造型中最基本的几何元素之一，对其有效的表示是造型的基础，而特征参数化表示是其中一种包含语义信息的高层次表示，本文对空间自由曲线的特征参数化表示进行研究，建立了一种针织物线圈的特征参数化几何模型，采用5个具有实际意义的参数表示织物线圈的几何形状及线圈之间的位置关系，并将该模型与能量极小化的方法相结合，得到了一种能较好地预测针织物缩水率的新模型，对随机选取的一些针织布缩水预测实验表明了算法的可行性。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。