原质

Glia; gliogenesis; glioma; glial cells; central nervous system; CNS; glial progenitor cells; glial fibrillary acidic protein; ependymocytes; ependoma; cytokeratins; vimentin; tanycytes; ion transport; lining cells; cerebrospinal fluid; CSF; ventricular system; floor plate; axon guidance; choroidal cells; choroid plexus epithelium; Chiari malformations; congenital aqueductal stenosis; neuroblast migration disorders; gap junctions

神经胶质；gliogenesis；神经胶质瘤；胶质细胞；中枢神经系统；CNS；神经胶质祖细胞；胶质原纤维酸性蛋白；室管膜细胞；ependoma；细胞角蛋白；波形蛋白；tanycytes；离子转运；衬细胞；脑脊髓液；CSF；脑室系统；底板；；脉络膜细胞；脉络丛上皮；恰里畸形；先天性导水管狭窄；成神经细胞迁徙扰乱；缺隙连接点

He type of ossein in group B was mainly type Ⅰ collagen while that in group A type Ⅱ and it exhibited as a process of fiber formation in group C. The reason for why TGF-β〓 can promote ossification induced by BMP is that can promote the differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal cells to supply more target cells for BMP, promote the differentiation and proliferation of mature osteocytes and chondrocytes, inhibit metalloproteinase to decrease the destruction of bone tissue and promote calcification of bone matrix.

GF-〓能促进BMP骨诱导作用主要因其能促进间充质细胞的分裂增殖为BMP提供丰富的靶细胞、促进成熟骨及软骨细胞的分裂增殖、促进骨细胞产生Ⅰ型胶原而抑制软骨细胞产生Ⅱ型胶原，抑制金属蛋白酶的活性以减少组织破坏、促进基质钙化等作用而使骨生成能力增加，提示它和BMP具有协同作用。

An original polarizing plate having a plurality of layers is fixed on a first principal surface of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene porous sheet by drawing from the opposite side. The original polarizing plate is cut by a blade moving across the thickness of the original polarizing plate by using the porous sheet as a cutting mat to obtain a polarizing plate having a plurality of layers.

将由多层构成的偏光原板从超高分子量聚乙烯树脂多孔质薄板(1)的一主面吸引、固定在该主面的相反侧的主面上，以多孔质薄板(1)作为切割垫，将偏光原板(2)用在其厚度方向移动的刀刃(4)切断，得到由多层构成的偏光板(3)。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

METHODS: Fresh bovine tendo calcaneus collagen was dispersed in 0.5 mol/L acetic acid, co-precipitated with chitosan and lyophilized. Dry membranes were cross-linked in 0.05% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours. In vitro its degrading rate was measured by use of collagenase degrading test. The chitosan-collagen membrane was implanted to subcutaneous dorsal sites of SD rats. After implantation, histocompatibility, vascularity and degradation were observed in vivo.

以酸溶法制备胶原溶液，添加一定比例的脱乙酰化几丁质，冻干成膜，0 。0 5 %戊二醛溶液浸泡交联，行体外酶降解实验，检测其耐受酶降解能力；将制备的几丁质-胶原蛋白膜包埋于 36只 SD大鼠皮下，术后 3、5天，1、2、3、4、6、8和 12周取材，检测其组织相容性、血管化能力及材料在体内降解情况。

The factors to effect germination rate and seedling conversion rate of C. appendiculata synthetic seeds, such as synthetic coating materials, synthetic endosperm components, storing conditions and germination materials, etc. were studied.

以杜鹃兰为实验材料，通过液体悬浮培养建立原球茎悬浮系，并以原球茎为人工种子的繁殖体，研究了人工种皮基质、人工胚乳组分、贮藏条件、萌发基质等对人工种子萌发率和成苗率的影响。

Transmission electron microscopy examination: epithelium cells degeneration, chromatin margination and collagen arrangement disorder could be observed at early stage after bothsided LASIK.

透射电镜下：BSL术后早期上皮细胞轻微变性，少量纤维细胞核染色质边集，角膜瓣边缘局部胶原排列稍紊乱。1mo时基质胶原纤维排列整齐，直径大小一致。

Methods Human PDLC cultured in vitro was collected and seeded on Col, HA, HA/Col scaffolds crosslinked by carbodiimide. The influences of scaffolds on cell adhesion and growth were observed by MTT assay. The growth of human PDLC on scaffolds was observed through inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope.

将体外培养的人牙周膜细胞接种到碳化二亚胺交联的胶原、透明质酸及透明质酸/胶原支架上；MTT法检测支架对人牙周膜细胞黏附、生长的影响；并用倒置相差显微镜和扫描电镜观察形态变化。

These experiment focus on the chondroblast induction in MSC, the culture technology in monolayer system and triaxial system,in order to explore the ideal condition of chondroblast induction of MSC,the molecul mechanism of maintenance chondroblast phnotype and the interaction between cells and porous materials.

通过骨髓基质干细胞的原代分离、培养及成软骨诱导，观察原代细胞扩增能力及其向成软骨方向分化的潜能；寻求骨髓基质干细胞向成软骨方向分化的理想诱导条件；u）观察经成软骨诱导的财C在PDLLA、PDLLA／壳聚糖多孔载体上三维的增殖状况，探求细胞与材料间的相互作用；门）观察经成软骨诱导的 MSC在体外三维培养系统中细胞因子的释放状况，了解维持诱导细胞软骨表型的合适条件及作用机制。

The chondroblast cultured with compound porous materials PDLLA and PDLLA/chitosan. The aim are: 1 To examine the proliferation ability and potential chondroblast differentiation; 2 To find an ideal condition stimulated BMSC differentiate into chondroblast; 3 To examine the chondroblast proliferation in porous scaffolds and to explore the interaction between cells and materials; 4 To examine the release of cytokine in vitro.

目的在于：（1）通过骨髓基质干细胞的原代分离、培养及成软骨诱导，观察原代细胞扩增能力及其向成软骨方向分化的潜能；（2）寻求骨髓基质干细胞向成软骨方向分化的理想诱导条件；（3）观察经成软骨诱导的MSC在PDLLA、PDLLA／壳聚糖多孔载体上三维的增殖状况，探求细胞与材料间的相互作用；（4）观察经成软骨诱导的MSC在体外三维培养系统中细胞因子的释放状况，了解维持诱导细胞软骨表型的合适条件及作用机制。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失