原纤维

Both chrysotile and crocidolite at given dose could stimulate type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen gene expression by 2ES cell, suggesting that asbestos fibre itself may also contribute to collagen gene expression in asbestotic lung 〓.

一定剂量的温石棉和青石棉都可以刺激2BS细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原基因的表达，表明石棉纤维本身也是引起石棉肺病变中胶原基因表达增加的重要原因。

But when passing the age of 20~25, the productive rate of making collagen by main cells in derma will decrease. Consequently, the skin will turn loose and wrinkles will show out when the collagen produced is less than it lost.

但自20～25岁后，真皮层中制造胶原蛋白的纤维母细胞制造能力会逐渐降低，当胶原蛋白的制造赶不上流失的速度时，肌肤就开始出现松垮或皱纹现象。

Results In control group,three weeks after the epithelization of the wound,the thickness of the hypertrophic tissue was 3-4 times of ventro ear skin. Under microscope,the dermis was hyperplasia and got thicker,consisted with amount of fibroblast cells,collagen and vessels,the collagen was untidy,nodule or vortex,and the cartilage could be observed in some region.

结果：对照组兔耳创面上皮化后3周时，增生厚度为兔耳腹侧皮肤全层厚度的3～4倍，镜下可见真皮组织明显增生、变厚，由大量成纤维细胞、胶原组织及血管组成，胶原排列不整齐，呈结节或旋涡状分布，部分可见对应处软骨细胞增生。

The internationally popular provitamin B5 also stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and help tissue curing, slow down skin aging.

其中国际上流行的天然成分维他命原B5还可以刺激纤维原细胞的增殖并帮助组织修复，减缓皮肤老化。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

At present,due to the shortage of un-regenerated resource as petroleum and the requirements of agricultural development,BBCA Group takes the advantage of own bio-technology to stress development of bio-material such as corn,cassava,sorgo,stalk etcto produce fuel alcohol,bio-ethene and its ramification,fibre-polyester,degradable plastic,nontoxic plastic and paint solvent ect,and most of products mentioned above can replace petroleum chemical products.

十年产业发展，丰原集团农产品深加工能力已达360万吨/年，加工产品主要应用于食品添加剂、饲料添加剂、洗涤剂、精细化工、医药原料等产业目前，由于石油等不可再生资源紧缺和农业发展的需要，丰原利用自身生物技术的优势，重点发展以各种生物质(玉米、木薯、红薯、甜高梁、作物秸杆等)为原料生产燃料酒精、生物乙烯及其衍生物、纺织品原料纤维聚酯、聚乳酸生物可降解塑料、无毒增塑剂、油漆涂料的无毒溶剂等系列产品，上述产品可大部分替代石油化工产品

Results Valvular interstitial fibroblasts were most often spindle-shaped in collagen lattice and there was no difference between normal and rheumatic mitral valve tissues.

结果 正常及病变二尖瓣组织来源的成纤维细胞在胶原凝胶中的形态改变差异无显著性，在胶原凝胶内呈长梭形。

The up-regulation of the expression of MMP-9 perhaps takes part in the accrementition and reconstitution of mesenchymal fibers (Ⅰ-type collagen dominates in mesenchymal, IOD ratio ofⅠ/Ⅲchanged). MMP-9 can facilitate inflammatory cell infiltration, aggravate the development of CAM.

2MMP-9的增高可能参与了骨骼肌间质纤维增生及其构成的改变(Ⅰ和Ⅲ型增多，Ⅰ型胶原与Ⅲ型胶原比值增高)，诱导炎性细胞浸润，加重慢性酒精中毒性肌病的发生发展。

DESPRIPTION】 This product adopts natural activated Collagen Peptide as its ingredient, and combines the SAYF(skin activate and youthful factor) and micro spinning technology of elastic fiber to make the eye pact perfectly fit around the eye contour, It can quickly supplement skin moisture and provide quick penetration of nutrient substance to the stratum basale under the guide of the nutrient substance penetrating absorption principle, as well as promote the vitality of skin cells, 95% of which will efficiently absorb and reserve moisture and balance PH value to make the skin elastic and soft, and significantly improve low collagen synthesis which is related to aging. It can also efficiently prevent and reduce eyes' skin wrinkles and cutis laxa to restore the eyes' skin moist and elastic, and implement the nutrition lost because of the fluctuations in temperatures to promote the natural moisture ability of the skin around the eyes to make those skin instantly moisturized, smooth, refresh and outstanding radiant. The wrinkles and fine lines will be reduced at the same time, and the black circles will be no longer apparent.

本品采用天然的活性胶原蛋白多肽为原料，独有的SAYF融合弹性纤维的微纺技术，完美贴合眼部轮廓，可快速补充皮肤在外界所流失的水分，功效营养物质通过透皮吸收原理，快速渗透到皮肤的基底层，并渗提高皮肤细胞活力，其95%有效吸收留住水分，平衡PH值，使皮肤增加弹性和柔软性；明显改善与老化相关的胶原合成低下的现象，有效预防和减少眼部肌肤皱纹及松弛的现象，恢复润泽和弹性，同时补充眼部皮肤在各种温度不定的情况下流失的营养，提升眼周肌肤自然储水力，双眸瞬间滋润、光滑、丰盈，焕然一新，细纹与皱纹减少，黑眼圈变得不再明显。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。