原生质的

The response of plant DNA to UV-B radiation has certain sensitivity which related to UV-B radiation intensity and plant cytoplast, showed specific dose-effect relationship.

植物DNA对UV-B辐射的响应具有一定的敏感性，这种敏感性与不同的UV-B辐射剂量和不同植物细胞的原生质体有关，表现出一定的剂量－效应关系。

In this dissertation, firstly, the conditions of isolation and purification of specific toxin fractions produced by Exserohilum turcicum has been studied, and a high-efficient method has been established;secondly, the toxins were analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry;then the effect of specific toxin on death rate of corn leaves protoplast was studied by FDA as a tinct reagent;finally, using ANS as a probe and SDS-PAGE to study the membrane protein of the corn leaves with Htl gene. In a word, the aim of the research is to search some existent evidences of the toxin binding site on protoplasmic membrane, and provide proofs for nosogenesis of specific toxin in terms of cytology and the molecular biology.

本研究对玉米大斑病菌1号小种毒素的特异性组分进行分离，建立了高效的特异性毒素分离纯化方法，并对其进行了紫外波谱分析；用荧光素双醋酸酯染色法，测定了毒素特异性组分对原生质体死亡率的影响；进而用1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸荧光探针标记法和SDS-PAGE电泳法对特异性毒素组分与Htl基因玉米细胞互作过程中的质膜蛋白进行了研究，旨在证明Htl基因玉米细胞质膜上存在特异性毒素组分结合蛋白，为从细胞和分子生物学角度阐明毒素的致病机理提供证据。

These results indicated that the two weedicide could not only damage cytomembrane construct and increase cytomembrane permeability which can lead to lose the water in cell .hut also affect the capability of plant to transfer materials and resulted in the plants dead finally.

这表明，这两种除草剂在各自作用的植物体内部即能破坏植物细胞的膜结构，引起原生质电解液外漏，导致细胞失水，同时还影响植物的运输机能，进而影响植物的结构，最终导致植物的死亡。

Change in the concentration of endogenous IAA was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the distribution of IAA-binding protein in the protoplasts in the cambial region was tested with an immuno-fluorescence technique, being improved by the authors, during the cambial active period in Broussonetia papyrifera L.

构树（Broussonetia papyriferaVent。）形成层活动周期中用酶联免疫吸附法测定了形成层区域的内源IAA浓度的变化，并用自行发展的免疫荧光检测方法测定了由此处生活细胞制得的原生质体中IAA结合蛋白的分布。

At present, regeneration system of cotyledons, hypocotyls, and stems, protoplasts and cotyledons codes have been established among Cucurbitaceae. There are several methods of transformation, such as agrobacteria -medidated genetic, particle gun, pollen tube passage, DNA soaking, ovary embryonary sac injection. Transgenic is tending to antivirotic and delayed maturity. Selection marker used often is NPT II.

目前，在葫芦科植物中已建立了子叶、茎尖、胚轴、茎段、原生质体和子叶节等的再生体系；用于遗传转化的方法有农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法、DNA浸泡法等；用于转化的目的基因多为抗病毒病基因和延迟成熟的基因；NPTII基因为最常用的筛选标记基因。

The protoplast fusion between hyperparasitic Streptomyces strain F46 and Actinomyces strain SC11 was studied in order to improve the effect of wild actinomyces strains to control plant diseases, solve the problems in application of the biocontrol strains, explore the method of protoplast fusion and get the recombinants with some excellent characteristics of both parents.

为了提高野生生防放线菌株的防病效果，克服以往生防菌应用方面存在的诸多弊端，探索简单易行的人工改良生防放线菌的途径，我们选用重寄生链霉菌F46和放线菌SC11作为亲本，进行了双亲原生质体融合研究，以期得到整合双亲多种优良性状的工程菌株。

The protoplast fusion between hyperparasitic Streptomyces F46 and actinomycetes SC1 and SC11 was studied for getting the fusants recombined excellent characteristics of both parents.

为了提高现有生防放线菌的综合性状，试验将本研究室分离保存的3种各具不同优良性状的生防放线菌F46、SC1和SC11作为亲本，开展双亲和3亲本的原生质体融合，通过研究，获得了综合亲本优良性状的新型高效生防菌株。

The new yeast strain HU-KDF-185 screened from interspecific fusants between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S.diaslaticus demonstrates a high-yield producer of ethanol, The strain produces 30.77% of ethanol on account of fermented materials when it ferments saccharified liquid (about 5.0-5.5 Brix) prepared from dried sweet potato-residuces after making starch in the productive fermentation test of Xian Ju distillery.

从原生质体融合获得的K氏酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae var.ellipsoideus)和糖化酵母的种间融合杂种中筛选到一株酒精高产菌株HU-KDF-185，它在番薯渣糖化液(约5.0—5.5Brix)的工厂生产性发酵试验中，原料的酒精得率平均是30.77％；而当前使用的酒精生产菌株K氏酵母(对照1)则是29.71％，新市一号菌株(对照2)则是29.54％。

Based on the results of information investigation, the paper briefly summarizes the research and application of cell engineering technology in agriculture: Chromosome engineering,protoplast culture,anther culture, cell culture, tissue culture and somatic hybridization. The worldwide development and progress in the application of cell engineering in plant breeding are reviewed.

根据文献研究结果，系统地综述了染色体工程技术、原生质体培养、花药培养、细胞培养与无性系筛选、组织培养与体系胞杂交等细胞工程技术，在国内外农作物育种上开发应用后所取得的新进展、新成果，以及这些新成果的产业化，对促进中国农业生产的发展所起的作用。

The addition of malt extract and glutamine could inhibit non-embryonic calli, and make the culture be mainly composed of embryonic calli; change of the 2,4-D concentration in liquid culture medium could adjust the status of embryonic calli to the suitable developmental stage for protoplast isolation.

通过麦芽提取物和谷氨酰胺两种物质的添加，可以起到抑制非胚性愈伤生长的作用，使培养物主要以胚性愈伤为主；通过液体培养基2，4-D浓度的改变，可调节胚性愈伤处于合适的发育时期，便于原生质体的分离。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！