原生动物

Karst moss is a unique ecosystem, which provide good environment for abundant biodiversity of epiphyte aquatic protozoan community.

岩溶藓类是一种独特的生态系统类型，维持了丰富的附生水生原生动物群落多样性。2006年11月26日至2007年1月26日，对贵阳市香纸沟岩溶沉积环境中8种藓类附生水生原生动物群落进行了野外生态调查，采集样品和标本48份。

Not only protozoa as a whole but also each groupaverages as negative binomial distribution of coloniza-tion type in five sample plots,indicates that soilprotozoan number distribute as radom clumped structuretype in the coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest zoneof Changbai Mountain.

无论是原生动物整体，还是各类群，在五个样地中均为集群型的负二项式分布，说明在长白山针阔混交林带土壤原生动物数量分布为随机成群的结构方式。

The auther studied the community ecology of soil pro-tozoa by chosing the five representative forest types,korean-pine-broad-leaved forest,broad-leaved-korean-pine forest,korean-pine forest,broad-leaved forest andsylvesfriformis-pine forest in the coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest zone on northern slope of ChangbaiMountain during the summer of 1985-1987 in order tounderstand the composition of species and number of soilprotozoa in different forest types of the coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest zone;species dibersity indexand evenness index of soil protozoa in community;pro-tozoan density and biomass;noteworthiness of the re-gularity of protozoan number variance;distributionpattern in community;horizontal distribution;relation-ship of vertical distribution and soil micro-environ-ment etc.,and compare the similarities and differencesof these five forest types according to feature ofsoil protozoan community,and finally summarize thetheoretical regularity,the index or the evidonceof the best forest-type structure.

本文工作的目的是通过对不同林型下土壤原生动物的群落组成，群落结构特征的研究，以及对凋落物分解过程中原生动物种类和数量的初步调查，来探索土壤原生动物在指示环境条件和林型结构特征方面的可能性作用。

The functional groups of protozoa community were damaged with the addition of fenvalerate. Bectivoresdetrivores were the tolerant species, and their predomination became more obvious with the increase of fenvalerate concentration.

加入氰戊菊酯后，原生动物的群落结构发生变化，各个功能类群均受到不同程度的损伤，一些食菌和碎屑者类原生动物对氰戊菊酯表现出较高的耐受性，随着氰戊菊酯浓度的增加，其在群落中的优势度更加明显。

Rotifer, wireworm exist in zoogloea at salt concentrations of 10000 mg/L while protozoa and metazoan disappeared when calcium chloride concentration is 30000 mg/L.

菌胶团中的微生物种类随着盐度的升高而减少，在盐度为10000mg/L时，有轮虫、线虫多种原生动物和后生动物，当盐度为30000mg/L时，菌胶团中的原生动物和后生动物消失。

Three protozoa (Bodo edax, Colpoda cucullus, Amoeba proteus) were isolated from soil. The porous simulation with glass bead, soil column and root box incubation experiments were made to study the association of protozoa movement with phosphorus translocation and its influencing factors. The effects of protozoa on corn growth and corn straw mineralization were also involved. The results showed that protozoa movement in glass bead column was greatly controlled by the pore sizes. Bodo edax, about 5-7 m, could pass through the pores of 28-20 11 m in diameters. Colpoda cucullus (30-60 m) could move through the pores of 155~116 m. However, no Amoebaproteus(100~150 m) was found in the effluents from all the columns. All the three protozoa made 32P redistribution in soil column.

本研究利用土壤中常见的3种原生动物(梨波豆虫Bodo edax、僧帽肾形虫Colpoda cucullus、大变形虫Amoeba proteus)，通过玻璃珠孔隙模拟、土柱及根箱培养试验，研究3种原生动物运动与磷素运移之间的关系及其影响因素，以及原生动物对玉米磷素营养的影响，同时对3种原生动物在玉米秸秆分解中的作用做了初步的探索，研究结果表明：原生动物的运动与孔隙密切相关，Bodo edax(5～7μm)能够穿过28～20μm孔隙，Colpoda cucullus (30～60μm)只能穿过155～116μm的孔隙，而Amoeba proteus(100～150μm)不能从玻璃柱中流出。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

The protozoa distribution varies with the CWD ages. Its number and the numbers of three main faunas increase with the going up of CWD ages. The percentages of Flagellate fauna, Sarcodina fauna and the Infusorians fauna percentage are respectively 26％-27％, 73％ and 0.06％-0.07％.

原生动物的分布随着倒木年龄的增长，其数量以及原生动物的三大类群的数量均有所增加，鞭毛虫类群基本占26％～27％之间，肉足虫类群基本占73％左右，纤毛虫类群基本占0.06％～0.07％之间。

It is found that (1) the aquatic protozoa communities consists of thirty-six taxa in twenty-six genera and twenty-four families;(2) the groups of ecological function include: Photosynthetic autotrophs (P groups, 25%), Bactivores detritivores (B groups, 44.44%), Saprotrophs (S groups, 2.78%), Algivores (A groups, 11.11%), Nonselective omnivores (N groups, 11.11%) and Raptors (R groups, 5.56%);(3) according to the characteristics of karst water, substrates and mosses, four ecological types and eight sub-types of aquatic protozoa communities can be distinguished.

2水生原生动物群落含6个功能营养群。其中，原生动物光合营养群（P群，Photosynthetic autotrophs），占总数的25%；细菌取食者群（B群，Bactivores detritivores），占总数的44.44%；腐生营养类群（S群，Saprotrophs，占总数的2.78%；食藻者类群（A群，Algivores），占总数的11.11%；非选择性杂食者群（N群，Nonselective omnivores），占总数的11.11%；食肉者群，占总数的5.56%。(3)根据岩溶水流、基质和藓类植物特征，划分该区附生水生原生动物生态群落为4个类型和8个亚类型。

The investigations found that there were obviously different in the species richness and individual abundance in the different sampling site. The number of species and the quantity of individual collected from the littoral zone were much higher than those from the open area. The protozoan colonizing rate on PFU in the littoral zone was also significantly higher than that in the open water.

研究结果表明：（1）湖中敞水区和沿岸带原生动物种类数和个体丰度存在较明显差异，前者低于后者；（2）同一生境条件下PFU人工基质收集的原生动物种类多于采自自然基质的种类；（3）定量数据显示该湖原生动物个体数量秋、冬季在每升水中440—180个个体之间波动，较少的个体丰度与该湖属寡营养型特征有关。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。