原核生物

Packaged within geminate particles, the genomes of geminiviruses are single-stranded circular DNAs that are replicated mainly by a rolling circle mechanism, characteristic to prokaryotes. Previous researches have indicated that geminiviruses can generate various DNA replication forms in bacteria, suggesting that geminiviruses possess the potential to regulate the expression of certain viral genes in prokaryotic systems.

双生病毒在植物细胞中是主要以原核生物形式的rolling circle replication方式做复制，而先前研究指出双生病毒可以在原核系统里进行复制，因此，双生病毒基因体中应具有在原核系统中亦能表现的调控机制，除了已知的基因外，是否有其他未知的基因参与这项机制仍不清楚。

The journal covers research on viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes - both planktonic and benthic, autotrophic and heterotrophic - in marine, limnetic and brackish habitats.

该期刊涵盖了对病毒、原核生物和真核生物的研究，包括浮游生物和底栖生物，自养生物和异养生物，海洋生物、湖沼生物及半咸水生物。

Sequence analysis showed that the size of 16S rRNA gene was in 1235 bp, and lacking several regions which regarded as eukaryotic sequence, was more similar with prokaryotes than eukaryotes in sequence structural feature; it could be implied that the microsporidia had split from ancient eukaryotes very early in time on the phylogenetic tree.

序列分析表明，16SrRNA基因大小为1235bp，缺乏多个被认为是真核生物序列的区域，序列结构特征更多地类似于原核生物的，在进化上，推测微孢子虫在很早以前与原始真核生物产生分歧；分子进化分析发现，同属的微孢子虫可以处于系统进化树不同的分枝。

In order to better understand their phylogenetic relationship and identify the uncertain species, the sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssurRNA, 16 S rRNA) genes of nine microsporidia infectious to the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were determined.

微孢子虫是真核生物，但其核糖体及核糖体RNA为原核生物型。为探讨9种家蚕病原性微孢子虫的种属地位及亲缘关系，对已广泛用於生物进化分类的核糖体小亚单位RNA基因进行了研究。

A member of the kingdom Monera, comprising the prokaryotes and including all bacteria.

原核生物无核原生物王国的一员，由原核生物组成，包括所有细菌

Now, I mainly engaged in myxobacterial genomic and bioinformatics analysis work. Myxobacteria is a single-cell microorganisms, but they act as multi-cell behavior (such as feeding, social movement, cells congregating and fruiting body formation, and so on) and own a wealth of secondary metabolites Product, those remarkable characteristics make myxobacteria important in the research fields of prokaryotes cell differentiation and development, biological evolution, as well as the drug development and research.

现主要从事粘球菌基因组与生物信息学分析方面的研究工作：粘细菌是单细胞微生物，然而却具有多细胞行为（如摄食、社会性运动、细胞聚集和子实体形成等）和丰富的次级代谢产物，这些行为特征使粘细菌在原核生物的细胞分化发育、生物进化以及药物开发研究中占有重要地位。

Myxobacteria have by far the largest prokaryotic genome and the most abundant secondary metabolites gene clusters. Our Myxobacteria genomics projects will help us understand their value in-depth.

粘细菌具有迄今为止最大的原核生物基因组、最丰富的生物活性次级代谢产物基因群，相关基因组计划的启动与实施将为我们深入研究生物进化、阐明粘细菌分化发育及其社会学行为、开发重要功能基因起到重要的推动作用。

There are many documents indicated many kinds of pathogenic bacteriums have the ability to lead latent infection, maybe which is related with the genome conservatived TA system of prokaryote.The TA system is made up of toxin and antitoxin and is concerned to be quality control system of prokaryote.

研究结果提示，很多不同种属的病原菌都具有形成潜在感染的能力，可能与原核生物染色体基因组上保守的TA系统有关，其主要由毒素和抗毒素位点组成，被认为是原核生物基因表达的质量控制系统。

Complicated than procaryotes. These cells, exemplified by the yeast in Figure 4.1-3, have a membrane surrounding the cell which is similar in structure to the procaryote membrane.

真核细胞，具有真正的细胞核，其结构要比原核生物复杂的多，以图4.1-3中所示的酵母菌为例，和原核细胞一样真核细胞也具有一层细胞膜。

FtsZ, a functional protein existed in prokaryotes and plants controlled the division of prokaryotic cells and plastids in plants.

FtsZ是广泛存在于原核生物和植物中的一种功能蛋白，它控制着原核细胞和质体的分裂过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。