原核

In this study, we have cloned and identified two full-length cDNAs of OsBIMK2 and OsBISERK1, which encoding MAPK and SERK, respectively, and associated with benzothiadiazole induced resistance.

本文克隆和鉴定了水稻中与苯并噻二唑(benzothiadiazole，BTH)诱导抗病性相关的编码MAPK的OsBIMK2基因和编码SERK的OsBISERK1基因全长cDNA；研究了OsBIMK2基因和OsBISERK1基因在水稻—稻瘟病菌亲和与非亲和互作过程中的表达模式；原核表达了OsBIMK2基因，获得重组OsBIMK2蛋白，并研究了重组OsBIMK2蛋白的生化特性；克隆了OsBIMK2基因的启动子序列，并运用农杆菌介导的瞬间表达系统分析鉴定了启动子中参与基因表达调控的可能顺式元件；将水稻OsBIMK2基因导入烟草，获得过量表达OsBIMK2基因的转基因植株，这些转基因植株中防卫反应基因PR-1组成型表达，并提高了抗病性。

The homeodomain is responsible for binding to DNA, and experiments to swap homeodomains between proteins suggest that the specificity of DNA recognition lies within the homeodomain, but (like the situation with phage repressors) no simple code relating protein and DNA sequences can be deduced.

同源域负责结合DNA，在蛋白质之间交换同源域的实验证实了这一结论。但（就像噬菌体阻遏子的情形一样）并没有推出联系蛋白质与DNA序列的简单机理。同源域的C端和原核生物阻遏子α-β-α超二级结构有一定的同源关系。我们回想第13章，λ阻遏子有一个&识别螺旋&（α-螺旋-3）DNA的大构接触，而另一个螺旋（α-螺旋-2）位于 DNA的拐角。

The journal published since 1954, publishes contributions on topics include applied microbiology and biotechnology; microbial structure and function; fungi and other eucaryotic protists; infection and immunity; microbial ecology; physiology, metabolism, and enzymology; virology, genetics, and molecular biology; and microbial genomics and bioinformatics.

杂志从1954年开始发行，刊载投稿，主题包括应用微生物学和生物技术；微生物结构与功能；真菌与其它原核生物；感染与免疫；微生物生态学；生理学，新陈代谢，和酶学；病毒学，遗传学，和分子生物学；以及微生物基因组学和生物信息学。

The topics in this lab course include the following areas: Microscope and cell morphology, Cell Physiology, Enzymes, Mitosis and meiosis, Cellular respiration, Photosynthesis, Mendelian genetics, Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and lower Plants.

本学期课程包含显微镜介绍、各种动、植物细胞形态及构造、细胞生理现象、酵素反应、细胞有丝及减数分裂、遗传性状、细胞呼吸作用、光合作用、原核生物形态、原生生物形态、真菌形态及苔藓植物形态。

Methods:The HBVtransgenic mice were prepared by microinjection of complate 2.0 copy HBV genome into pronuclei fertilized eggs.

应用受精卵原核显微注射的方法，产生HBV转基因小鼠。

Then, the two recombinant genes were microinjected into the male pronuclei of fertillized mouse eggs for generating transgenic mice harbouring the introduced genes, respectively.

进而将它们分别导入小鼠受精卵雄原核，作成相应的转基因小鼠，则发现它们都失去了表达特性。

PKC isoform was typically concentrated around the condensed chromosomes before the MI stage, but localized in the pronuclei of zygotes and the nuclei of blastomeres of early embryos.

PKC亚形集中在MI期前浓缩的染色体周围，也位于受精卵原核或早期胚胎分裂球的核。

Resembled to control oocytes, MAPK was inactivated after cytoplasts activation. However, after activation the cytoplasts showed fragmentation while pronuclei were formed in the control oocytes. This indicated that nuclei play important role in maintainence of oocytes normal morphology.

成熟胞质的活化与卵母细胞相似，在活化后MAPK被迅速灭活，只是胞质在活化处理后均发生碎裂，而卵母细胞活化后形成原核，这表明核在细胞形态维持中起重要作用。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

Most sperm nuclei eventually developed into the male pronuclei, just like the normal sperms, except sperm nuclei in a few zygotes kept dense throughout the fertilization process. Dense chromosome body was seen at the nuclear area during the prophase of first mitosis, and in the middle of spindle at metaphase of first mitosis.

精子入卵后形成精核，大多能够逐渐解凝、液化并膨大，最终形成形态正常的雄性原核，但在第一次卵裂早期退化成浓缩的染色质小体，并在胞质分裂时随机地分配到其中一个子细胞里的分裂沟附近。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失