原核

Packaged within geminate particles, the genomes of geminiviruses are single-stranded circular DNAs that are replicated mainly by a rolling circle mechanism, characteristic to prokaryotes. Previous researches have indicated that geminiviruses can generate various DNA replication forms in bacteria, suggesting that geminiviruses possess the potential to regulate the expression of certain viral genes in prokaryotic systems.

双生病毒在植物细胞中是主要以原核生物形式的rolling circle replication方式做复制，而先前研究指出双生病毒可以在原核系统里进行复制，因此，双生病毒基因体中应具有在原核系统中亦能表现的调控机制，除了已知的基因外，是否有其他未知的基因参与这项机制仍不清楚。

Determination of the properties of lactase expressed in E.coli.

原核表达乳糖酶的酶学性质测定制备原核表达乳糖酶的原酶液。

OBJECTIVE: To construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid of the main catalytic domain of dipeptidyl peptidase of murine fibroblast activation protein αand obtain the target fusion protein in order to provide basis for production of antibodies and anti-tumor vaccine targeting FAPα.

目的：构建小鼠成纤维细胞激活蛋白α二肽基肽酶催化核心序列的高效原核表达载体，进行该序列的原核表达、纯化和复性，为下一步高效抗体制作和以FAPα为靶标的抗肿瘤疫苗研发提供实验基础。

Objective To study factors that may increase the expression of human α synuclein gene in prokaryotic cells.

目的 研究影响人α突触核蛋白(α synuclein)基因在原核细胞中表达的常见因素，以提高其在原核细胞中的表达量。

And the male pronucleus moved to the female pronucleus during the period of associating of the two pronucleus.

并且在系列的样品中可观察到，在雌雄原核联合的过程中具有雄性原核向雌性原核移动的趋势。

Addition of 3μg/ml CB to CM containing 0.625μg/ml CHX increased the proportion of oocytes with two pronuclei (38. 9% vs 15. 1%, P＜0.05) and developed into morulae/blastocysts (40.7% vs 26. 8%, P＜0.05), but did not affect the percentage of oocytes cleaved and total pronucleus rate.

如果在含有0.625μg/ml CHX中添加3μg/ml CB，可明显提高双原核的形成率（38.9％vs 15.1％，P＜0.05）和桑椹胚/囊胚发育率（40.7％vs 26.8％，P＜0.05），但对其激活分裂率和总原核形成率无明显影响（P＞0.05）。

Lamin A gene cDNA lacking of 150 basyls at the end of the eleventh extron was cloned into pcDNA3.1 carrier, and the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-mutant LMNA cDNA was injected into the male pronucleus of mouse zygotes, then the zytotes was replanted into the oviducts of pseudopregnant mice.

实验方法：将缺失了第11外显子末端150个碱基的LMNA基因cDNA克隆到pcDNA3.1载体，应用原核显微注射方法将线性化的pcDNA3.1-mutant LMNA注射到小鼠受精卵的雄原核，再将注射后的受精卵移植至假孕鼠的输卵管。

Recombinant expression vector k14/c-myc-paav was constructed bearing the mouse c-Myc cDNA derived by the skin specific human keratin 14 promoter, then the linear vector was microinjected into the two pronucleus of the C57BL/6 fertilized eggs to produce transgenic mice.256 microinjected eggs were transferred, 6 of the foster mothers were pregnant and 44 adult mice were produced, two of them were positive transgenic mice confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, transgenic rate was about 4%.

以CMV-PAAV载体为基础载体，以皮肤特异人K14（人角蛋白14）基因启动子替换原质粒中的CMV启动子后，在其多克隆位点区依次插入鼠c-Myc基因的cDNA序列和gfp基因的编码序列，构建了高效表达c-Myc基因的真核表达载体。通过双原核显微注射技术，将线性化的载体DNA注入到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵的两个原核中，然后将注射后状态良好的胚胎移植到代孕鼠的输卵管中，共移植了256枚受精卵，6只受体怀孕，最终获得44只成年小鼠。

The results of protein synthesis of NT embryos indicated that the protein synthesis pattern of NT embryos and fertilized eggs was similar. 19. 2 KD protein existed in 32-cell stage donor embryos disappeared in NT embryos at the pronuclear stage, however, this protein was reprogrammed to reappeared in 32-cell stage NT embryos.

七、核移植胚的蛋白合成分析结果表明，原核期核移植胚与原核期受精卵具有相同的合成模式。32-细胞期供体胚中的19.5KD蛋白在原核期重组胚中消失，而在32-细胞期重组胚中再度出现，发生了蛋白合成的重序过程。

In conclusions,(1) The pronuclear formation was asynchronous after ICSI in buffalo, the female pronuclear formed 3 hours earlier than male pronuclei;(2) After ICSI and activation, Culture of oocytes in 1.9mmol/L 6-DMAP for 3 hours can improve their subsequent embryonic development;(3) Treatment of sperm with 5mmol/L DTT can promote sperm decondensation;(4) Dead sperms can be used for ICSI in buffaloes;(5) Treatment of sperm with GSH can improve the efficiency of ICSI in buffaloes.

以上结果表明：(1)水牛精子胞质内显微受精的雌、雄原核发育不同步，雌原核比雄原核早3h形成；(2)水牛卵母细胞ICSI和激活后用1.9mmol／L 6-DMAP培养处理3h能提高其胚胎发育率；(3)DTT预处理水牛精子能提高其ICSI后的精子解聚率；(4)死精子能用于水牛卵母细胞的ICSI；(5)GSH预处理水牛精子有助于提高其ICSI后的囊胚发育率。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。