原文地

If this thesis is correct, then one can quite clearly see why the bourgeois class struggle dominates the proletarian class struggle from the outset and why the proletarian class struggle has needed so long to take shape and to find its own forms of existence, why the class struggle is fundamentally unequal, why it is not conducted using the same practices on the part of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and why the bourgeoise has engendered forms in the ideological state apparatuses, whose task it is to preempt the revolutionary action of the working class and to subordinate this class.

如果这个论题是正确的，那么人们可以非常清晰地看到为什么资产阶级的阶级斗争从一开始就支配着无产阶级的阶级斗争，无产阶级的阶级斗争为什么需要那么长的时间才能成形并找到自身的存在方式，为什么阶级斗争从根本上是不平衡的，为什么对于资产阶级和无产阶级来说，不能运用相同的实践去进行阶级斗争，为什么资产阶级（原文是bourgeoise，意为资产阶级妇女，疑为bourgeoisie之误）也在意识形态国家机器当中构造了诸种斗争形式，后者的任务就是预先取代工人阶级的革命行动并让这一阶级服从于它。

Once of the biggest improvements that you can make to your display device is to get a professional armed with a Colorimeter to come over to your place and spend an afternoon calibrating the white balance for you. Don't underestimate the effect this can have, your display will never look as good as it can when the white balance has been correctly calibrated.

你可以花一下午的时间用专业的色度计来校准你的显示设备的白平衡(原文是说请一专业人士带上家伙花上一下午的时间帮你调较)，不要低估这样做的效果，当白平衡被准确地校正后，你的显示器的显示效果将会前所未有的好。

The nobility of Paris and London are no doubt much upon a level ; but the common people of the former, being much more dependent, are not to be compared with those of the latter: and for the same reason the commonalty in Scotland differ from those in England, though the nobility too are much upon a level.

巴黎贵族和伦敦贵族的品行，无疑地没有优劣之分，但巴黎平民却不能和伦敦平民相比，因为前者的依赖性大于后者。由于同样理由，苏格兰平民和英格兰平民也有不同，尽管贵族们的道德水平是没有差别的。后面就开始出现第二分部的大标题。这两段话的英文原文是

Therefore, translators should take various compensational measures so as to convey the original information to foreign readers, reappear the sense of beauty of English figurative language in translation.

因此译者在翻译过程中要采取各种补偿措施，才能把原文的信息恰当地传达给目的语读者，使比喻的美感因素在翻译中对等再现。

It recommended us to endeavor to read the original ones in spite of their obscurity or the confusion they may cause, for the simple reason that the translated version is incapable of delivering the quality the author was meant to get across.

不论我多么努力地试着展示原文风貌，那些纯真质朴和高贵典雅也仍然会在这样的传递中被磨灭，如果不是整个地消失殆尽。这就是为什么中国的唐诗宋词读在毫无

The reading education is the significant component part of Chinese education, Is keeping somebody company adoptedly to be told the significant segment of read/write, Student is living in the reading process, Not being is mechanically moved to another place to read aloud the original, But is the element having a hand in the creativity thinking .

阅读教学是语文教学的重要组成部分，是培养听说读写的重要环节，学生在阅读过程中，不是机械地被动地读原文，而是参与了创造性思维的因素。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

The Contractor shall be responsible for the true and proper setting-out of the Works in relation to original points, lines and levels of reference given by the Engineer in writing and for the correctness, subject as above mentioned, of the position, levels, dimensions and alignment of all parts of the Works and for the provision of all necessary instruments, appliances and labor in connection therewith.

承包人负责根据工程师的书面指示正确地开始工程，保证工程位置、面积、水平面及各部分组合的质量，提供工程所需工具、设备和劳力。此段译文的内容涉及到工程测量，由于译者缺乏对setting-out、levels和alignment等一些基本测量术语的必要了解，原文限定明确的承包商义务变得不知所云。改译：承包商应负责按工程师书面提交的原始基准点、基准线和参照标高如实准确地对工程进行放线，并在符合上述要求的情况下，负责校正工程各部分的位置、标高、尺寸和排列，同时提供一切有关的必要仪器、装置和劳力。

The Contractor shall be responsible for the true and proper setting-out of the Works in relation to original points lines and levels of reference given by the Engineer in writing and for the correctness subject as above mentioned of the position levels dimensions and alignment of all parts of the Works and for the provision of all necessary instruments appliances and labor in connection therewith.

承包人负责根据工程师的书面指示准确地开始工程，保证工程位置、面积、水平面及各部分组合的质量，提供工程所需工具、设备和劳力。n 此段译文的内容涉及到工程测量，由于译者缺乏对setting-out、levels和alignment等一些基本测量术语的必要了解，原文限定明确的承包商义务变得不知所云。改译：承包商应负责按工程师书面提交的原始基准点、基准线和参照标高如实准确地对工程进行放线，并在符合上述要求的情况下，负责校正工程各部分的位置、标高、尺寸和排列，同时提供一切有关的必要仪器、装置和劳力。

The Contractor shall be responsiblefor the true and proper setting-out of the Works in relation tooriginal points, lines and levels of reference given by theEngineer in writing and for the correctness, subject as abovementioned, of the position, levels, dimensions and alignment of allparts of the Works and for the provision of all necessaryinstruments, appliances and labor in connection therewith.

承包人负责根据工程师的书面指示正确地开始工程，保证工程位置、面积、水平面及各部分组合的质量，提供工程所需工具、设备和劳力。n 此段译文的内容涉及到工程测量，由于译者缺乏对setting-out、levels和alignment等一些基本测量术语的必要了解，原文限定明确的承包商义务变得不知所云。改译：承包商应负责按工程师书面提交的原始基准点、基准线和参照标高如实准确地对工程进行放线，并在符合上述要求的情况下，负责校正工程各部分的位置、标高、尺寸和排列，同时提供一切有关的必要仪器、装置和劳力。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。