原子数

The oxidation number of an element in any chemical entity is the charge which would be present on an atom of the element if the electrons in each bond were assigned to the more electronegative atom.

氧化数是指某元素一个原子的电荷数，这种电荷数由假设把每个化学键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得。

On the electronegative elements, bonding electron number and bonded hydrogen atomic number, new molecular topological index is developed to do research on creaturely activity for alcohol, aether, ketone and ester in this paper.

基于元素的Pauling电负性，原子成σ键的电子数，原子直接键连的成σ键的氢原子数目和原子在形成离域π键时所提供的P电子数，定义了一种原子点价公式，构建了分子连接性指数。

To conduct such research a new experimental apparatus was established.With this setup the two-photon excitation spectra of Barium and one-photonexcitation spectra of Strontium Rydberg atoms were recorded and identified.The Stark spectra of Strontium atoms showed the "l-mixing" and "n-mixing"features. By changing laser wavelength and external electric field strengthsimultaneously, the scaled-energy spectra of Strontium 〓 Rydberg atomsat constant scaled-energy ε=-3.00,-2.50 and -1.88 were recorded for thefirst time. The experimental spectra were Fourier transformed and yielded therecurrence spectra.

主要工作包括：建立了一套用于外电场原子光谱研究的原子束实验装置；获得了Ba原子的双光子、Sr原子的单光子零场激发谱，并对各谱线进行了标识；进行了Sr原子电场Stark效应研究，观察到了低场时能级角量子数"l"混合区及高场时主量子数"n"混合区的存在；首次获得了Sr原子在标度能量ε=-3.00、-2.50及-1.88时〓高Rydberg态电场标度能谱及傅立叶变换后的电子回归谱。

All the atomic shells for the examined atoms are shown and the """"""""reasonable"""""""" electron numbers are given. Especially for atomic subshell and shell structure of transition elements are correctly predicated. This theory provides uniform and objective criterion for shell structure of isolated atom, and the intrinsic and theoretical basis for the shell structure given by other methods. This theory provides a kind of new method for describing the atomic shell structure.

该理论可以揭示原子的全部壳层结构，产生基本合理的电子数，尤其是正确的预示了原子的亚壳层结构和过渡元素的壳层结构；依据该理论所确定的原子内禀壳层结构为孤立原子的壳层结构提供了统一的客观标准，为其它方法所确定的壳层结构提供了内在的理论依据；原子内禀壳层结构理论为度量孤立原子中处于束缚态下电子排布的壳层结构，提供了清晰的物理图像，为描述原子的壳层结构提供了一种新方法和新理论。

In this we have introduced the application of even formula in making certain equivalent double electrons′ atomic states and the generic way of making certain non-equivalent double electrons′ atomic states,and have got the quantificational connection between atomic states′ number and atomic orbital azimuthally quantum number.

偶数定则是确定非同科双电子形成的原子态的一般方法，根据偶数定则得到了二价原子的原子态数与原子轨道角量子数之间的定量关系；并用数学归纳法证明了有关结论。

We then add boundaries delineated forward/backward facing reflected shock, Mechanical equilibrium, M2=1 and reflected shock strong/weak separating conditions on the (M0,q1) map of shih(2004). This is followed by systematically investigating multiply possible three shock theoretical solutions of steady Mach reflections in perfect triatomic gases. Pressure-deflection shock polar solutions are used to help illustrate different solution behaviors of these theoretical three-shock solutions. M0 is flow Mach no. upstream of incident shock, M1 is flow Mach no. downstream of incident shock, M2 is flow Mach no. downstream of reflected shock,q1 is flow deflection downstream of incident shock.

随后本文由石(2004)论文中加入前后分界、机械平衡、M2=1及强弱分界条件，然后有系统地探讨三原子分子理想气体(r=1.2857 )稳态马赫反射参震波理论多重解之交点及其对应之压力-转折角震波极图解，并建构出此三原子分子理想气体稳态马赫反射流场三震波十阶多项式理论解於(Mo，q1)平面上之解域图，其中M0为入射震波上游流场马赫数，M1为入射震波下游流场马赫数，M2为入射震波下游流场马赫数，q1为入射震波下游流场转折角。

The results show that the atomic population is time-independent provided that the atoms are in |β11〉 state. For the other three Bell states, there will appear the periodical collapse revival of atomic populationif the initial mean photon number reaches some special values. With the increase of the initial mean photon number, the oscillation frequency of the time-evolution of atomic population increases correspondingly, and the amplitude decreases. The degree of the entanglement of the two-mode entangled coherent field has no

结果表明，当双原子体系的初态为|β11〉时，原子布居均不随时间变化；当双原子体系的初态为|β00〉，|β01〉或|β10〉且初始平均光子数达到一定值时，演化特性呈现周期性的崩塌-回复效应，并随初始光子数的增加，其演化曲线的振荡频率增大，振幅减小；双模纠缠相干光场的纠缠程度不影响Rabi振荡频率，但对振幅影响显著； Kerr介质与光场耦合系数达到一定值时，对Rabi振荡频率和幅度及原子布居的崩塌-回复周期产生强烈影响。

The recent progresses in these fields were summarized in this paper. It focuses on the activation and oxidation on a series of hydrocarbons (from CH4 to these hydrocarbons with six carbons). The catalysts and oxidants reported here include organic metal compounds and inorganic compounds (such as molecular sieves, metal clusters, metal oxidates and so on).

本文总结了近几年在碳氢化合物的活化及氧化领域的一些新进展，涉及的底物包括从甲烷到碳原子数等于6的烃类，而催化剂及氧化剂包括有机金属化合物和无机化合物（如分子筛催化剂、金属团簇和金属氧化物等）。

The three pure component parameters for alkanes were determined by fitting the saturated vapor pressure and liquid density data, near linear relations were observed between the parameter values and the carbon number.

由拟合正构烷烃的饱和蒸汽压和液相密度所确定的三个纯组分参数与烃的碳原子数呈良好的线性关系。

Corresponding energy and chemical potential are also worked out by numerical method.

并且，通过数值模拟我们计算了不同原子数的能量和化学势。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。