原子

Moreover, the mechanism, characteristics and applications of atom interferometers are introduced, among which the application of the atom interferometers in gravitational acceleration measurement is a main concern. The present researches on the precision analysis of cold atom interferometer are reviewed in this chapter.

第一章综述了国内外冷原子物理和原子干涉仪的研究现状；介绍了原子干涉仪的基本原理及其应用；着重分析利用原子干涉仪测量重力加速度的方法，以及原子干涉仪精度分析的研究现状。

The results show that the spectra of chuster atoms and the recoil target atomsare broader for the cluster bombardment than those for the monatomic bombardment withthe same incident velocity.

结果表明，与单原子注入比较，原子簇轰击后注入原子的能谱和靶原子的能谱加宽，并有部分簇原子的能量高于它的入射能量。

ITQ-26 (INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA number 26) is a new crystalline microporous material with a framework of tetrahedral atoms connected by atoms capable of bridging the tetrahedral atoms, the tetrahedral atom framework being defined by the interconnections between the tetrahedrally coordinated atoms in its framework.

ITQ-26(INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGA QUMICA number 26)是新的结晶微孔材料，其具有通过能够桥联四面体原子的原子连接的四面体原子骨架，该四面体原子骨架通过其骨架中四面体配位原子之间的相互连接来界定。

ITQ-27 (INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGíA QUíMICA number 27) is a new crystalline microporous material with a framework of tetrahedral atoms connected by atoms capable of bridging the tetrahedral atoms, the tetrahedral atom framework being defined by the interconnections between the tetrahedrally coordinated atoms in its framework.

ITQ-27(INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGíA QUíMICA number27)是新型微孔晶体材料，其具有通过能够桥联四面体原子的原子连接的四面体原子骨架，该四面体原子骨架通过其骨架中的四面体配位原子之间的相互连接而确定。

At the temperature as low as that at which the monomer cannot diffuse in large scale,adatom nucleation and island formation depends on the increase of adatom density.With the increase of temperature,the film growth mode depends on the competition between in-plane diffusion and inter-layer diffusion of monomers.

当薄膜生长温度低于单原子的扩散温度时，表面原子的成核和表面岛的生长主要是由沉积原子的空间随机性和表面原子密度增加而决定的，随着薄膜生长温度的提高，薄膜的生长模式则取决于单原子的层内扩散和层间扩散的竞争。

Three hypotheses is put forward, based on microexamination about sample evaporation during determaination of isotope abundance by thermal ionization:1. Only atoms uncovered by outer layer atoms can be vapoured; 2. Atoms covered by outer layer atoms can diffuse but cannot vapoure; 3. The probability of diffusion of isotope atoms is in direct proportion to its probability of evaporation.

根据对热表面电离源同位素丰度测量过程中样品蒸发的微观研究，提出如下三条假设：(1 )未被外层原子覆盖的原子才能蒸发；(2 )被外层原子覆盖的原子只能扩散不能蒸发；(3 )同位素原子的扩散几率与蒸发几率成正比。

The structure of the compound 〓(1) consists of a pentanuclear molecule which is center-symmetric. One W atom is coordinated by four S atoms and two Cu atom. As expected, the Fe atoms are sandwiched between two staggered pentadiene rings. The most interesting aspect of the structure is that Fe-C-P-Cu-P-Cconstitutes a distorted hexagon and Fe-Cu-W-Cu-Fe is nearly in a line.

结构是以W原子为对称中心含有五个金属原子的线型结构，W原子与四个μ〓-S和两个Cu原子配位；Fe原子在两个戊二烯环中间形成一个三明治夹心结构；Fe〓-C〓-P〓-Cu〓-P〓-C〓-构成扭曲的六边形，由于两边1，1'-双二茂铁配体的作用导致Cu-S键的拉长。

We establish the quantum theory of the one-mode micromaser injected by ultracold V-type three-level atoms with atomic coherence, and discuss the properties of the emission probability, the photon statistics, the spectrum and the velocity selection. We find the following results. There are two sets of peaks in the plot of the emission probability versus the cavity length. The injected atomic coherence can deeply affect the values of the two sets of peaks and the unresonant platform.

第一部分包括第一章到第四章，在这部分，我们建立了具有原子相干性的超冷V型三能级原子注入的单模Micromaser的量子理论，研究了原子发射几率、腔场光子统计、腔场光谱、以及腔对原子速度选择等性质，并着重研究了原子相干性对这些性质的影响。

The analyses of electronic structures shows that the catalytic reactivities for H2 adsorption of the different surfaces are dependent on the numbers of s orbital bonding electrons around Fermi level for the uppermost layer metal atoms which interact directly with H2. It is easy to form vacancy for hydrogen atoms next to iron atom, which indicates that hydrogen atom cannot be escaped, but it is difficult to from vacancy for hydrogen atoms next to magnesium atom, which indicates that hydrogen atom can be escaped. Hence it is thought that the change of dehydrogenating properties of MgH2 with or without a little iron addition attributes to the weakened bonding between magnesium and hydrogen.

分析电子结构发现：空位缺陷有助H2吸附于Mg表面，与Mg(0001)表面最上层与H2直接产生吸附作用的金属原子在费米能级附近s轨道的成键电子数密切相关；在Fe合金化MgH2体系中，与合金化元素Fe近邻的H原子形成空位的难度增加，H原子较难释放；与Mg近邻的H原子形成空位的难度减少，H原子容易释放；Fe合金化导致Mg-H之间存在较弱的成键作用，因此，MgH2体系的解氢性能得到提高。

At the same time,a tension stress is applied on theγ′phase interfaces along the direction parallel to the stress axis,which results in the lattice expansion ofγ′phase to trap the Al,Ta atoms with the bigger radius.This brings out the accumulation of the solute atoms to form the N-type rafted structure.Al,Ta atoms with bigger radius diffuse to the {100} plane to form the linked bond of the heterogeneous atoms and the stable stacking mode,this is a main reason of promoting the transformation ofγ′phase into the N-type rafted structure.And the change of the strain energy density in different interfaces of the cubical-likeγ′phase is thought to be the driving force of the elements diffusion and theγ′phase directional growth during creep.

拉伸蠕变期间，类立方γ\'相中与施加应力轴垂直的界面受水平切应力，使晶格收缩可排斥较大半径的Al、Ta原子；与应力轴平行的界面受拉伸张应力，使晶格扩张可诱捕较大半径的Al、Ta原子，由此引起的原子偏聚形成γ\'相是自由能降低的过程；其中，较大半径的Al、Ta原子扩散迁移至{100}晶面，形成异类原子结合键及稳定的堆垛方式，是促使γ\'相形成N-型筏状结构的主要原因；而γ\'相不同界面的应变能密度变化是元素扩散及γ\'相定向粗化的驱动力。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。