原子

Two technology including nitrocarburizing process and salt nitrocarburzing process haver been adopted. Several conclusions were obtained: firstly, nitrided layers consist of two layers including the outer white layer, mainly ε and γ′ with favorite errosion resistance, the inner dark layer consist of α-Fe.

再往里为扩散层，扩散层与原始组织无明显区别，是过饱和含氮的α-Fe固溶体，比原始组织更易受腐蚀；(2)试样经长时间氮碳共渗后，渗层最表面会出现疏松，这是因为Fe原子向外扩散，在ε相内造成Fe原子空位，空位向内扩散，并可能在晶界上或某些晶体缺陷处堆积，以致造成空洞。

But only a trace of transition metal ions incorporate into the framework of zeolites may provide very interesting catalytic property. Therefore the characterization of a trace of heteroatom in zeolite is very important.

然而，即使很少量的杂原子进入到沸石骨架内就会引起催化性质的较大变化，因此微量杂原子的表征也十分重要。

In this dissertation, Lanthanum is used to substitute part of Phosphorus or Aluminium in the framework and enter into the tetrahedron structure unit of oxygen negative ion for obtaining a kind of heteroatom molecular sieve with acidity.

本论文中，用镧原子同晶取代SAPO-n分子筛骨架中的部分铝或磷，进入骨架中的氧负离子四面体结构单元，得到具有一定酸性的杂原子硅磷酸铝分子筛。

This is because heteroatom species have been fixed in the framework of the zeolite primary units when the seed solution is prepared and with the self-assembly of the zeolite primary units surrounding the surfactant, heteroatom species are directly introduced into the mesostructure.

这是因为在制备沸石导向剂的过程中，杂原子被固定在沸石的微结构单元中，当沸石导向剂与表面活性剂通过自组装过程形成介孔分子筛时，杂原子随沸石的微结构单元一起进入了产物的骨架当中。

A Marcus electron transfer theory coupled with an incoherent polaron hopping and charge diffusion model in combining with first-principle quantum chemistry calculation was applied to investigating the effects of heteroatom on the intermolecular charge transfer rate for a series of heteroacene molecules.

结合第一性原理的量子化学计算，在极化子跳跃和电荷扩散模型框架内应用Marcus电子转移理论研究了杂原子取代对一系列杂原子化的多并苯分子的分子间电荷转移速率的影响。

We have studied the transition metal complexes catalyzed sequential cross coupling reactions of these new difunctional group reagents with electrophiles and nucleophiles, respectively; developed some convenient and practical new methods for the stereoselective synthesis of disubstituted alkenes, trisubstituted alkenes, conjugated dienes containing heteroatom, conjugated enyne containing heteroatom etc., enriching methodologies for organic synthesis.

继而研究了这些新型双官能试剂在过渡金属配合物催化下分别与亲电试剂、亲核试剂的顺序交叉偶联反应，为双取代烯烃、三取代烯烃、杂原子取代的共轭二烯烃、杂原子取代的共轭烯炔烃等的立体选择合成提供了方便实用的新方法，丰富了烯烃立体选择合成的方法学。

The C atom in ideal graphite crystals is hybridized in sp^2 orbital and forms covalent bonds with adjacent 3 other C atoms. The graphite crystals consist of stacks of parallel hexagonal net planar layers. These layers are integrated with Van der Waals attraction.

理想的石墨晶体是由碳原子以sp^2杂化轨道和邻近的三个碳原子形成共价键，构成六角平面的网状层片结构，层片之间以Van der Waals力相结合。

The electron withdrawing group being introduced into the alkyl groups of the n -hexyl ZDDP is able to strengthen chemical adsorption between ZDDP and Fe atoms.

在伯烷基上吸电子基团能增强硫原子与铁原子之间的化学吸附作用力。

A kind of atomic beam intensity detector, hot-wire detector,is designed and made by the authors.

一种自行研制的原子来信号专用测量仪器，即原子束热丝探测仪。

The X-ray structure analysis reveals that the metal is in a square-planar N2O2 coordination environment formed by the phenolate-O, the imine-N and the deprotonated amide-O atoms of hydrazone ligand and the N atom of Himdz.

配合物的晶体结构分析表明，中心金属通过酰腙配体的酚基氧原子、亚胺基氮原子、去质子酰胺氧原子以及咪唑的氮原子形成平面四方形的N2O2配位环境。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。