原始日耳曼语

Gutniska'' shows a number of similarities with Gothic which are not shared by other Old Norse dialects: lack of a-umlaut in short high vowels ( e.g.''fulk'': Old Icelandic ''folk''), lowering of '' u '' to '' o '' before '' r ''( e.g.''bort''), the use of '' lamb '' with the sense "sheep", the appearance in both of an early Germanic loanword from Latin ''lucerna''( Gothic ''lukarn'', Old Gutnish ''lukarr''), and, arguably, the preservation of the Proto-Germanic diphthongs *''ai'' and *''au''.

Gutniska''和哥德语有著许多不见於其他古诺斯语方言的相似处，如在高短母音里不具有 a 变音(如''fulk''这个字与古冰岛语的''folk''的对比)、在'' r ''前面'' u ''到'' o ''的低音化、以「羔羊」的字来指代「绵羊」、早期日耳曼语的拉丁语借词''lucerna''(哥德语''lukarn''、古顾特语''lukarr'')的从在，以及具争议性的一条，也就是原始日耳曼语双母音*''ai''和*''au''的存留。

In fact, Gothic tends to serve as the primary foundation for reconstructing Proto-Germanic.

事实上，人们倾向以哥德语做为重构原始日耳曼语的基础。

Dutch origin in the Proto-Germanic, and its development can be divided into three periods:① Old Dutch language (about 1100 before).

荷兰语起源于原始日耳曼语，它的发展可分为3个时期：①古荷兰语（约1100前）。

The reconstructed Proto-Germanic conflicts with Gothic only when there is a clearly identifiable evidence from other branches that the Gothic form is a secondary development.

重构后的原始日耳曼语只在有著可清楚确认的、来自其他日耳曼语言分支的证据显示哥德语的形式是后来发展时，其内容才会和哥德语所提供的资讯有所相左。

Without necessarily accepting either Gotho-Nordic or Northwest Germanic unity, Gothic is also important for the understanding of the evolution of Proto-Germanic into Old Norse through

就算哥德─诺斯语或西北日耳曼语不一定为真，对原始日耳曼语到古诺斯语的演变的理解，哥德语依旧有其重要性。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。