原因与结果

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

The results indicated that the soil physical fertility characteristic of super high-production cornfield was high, mainly display in the topsoil was deep, soil bulk density changed between 1.01-1.26 g/cm3, disarrangement rate of soil structure was...

研究结果表明，超高产玉米田土壤物理肥力特性较高，主要表现在耕层较深厚，土壤容重变化在1.01～1.26g/cm3，土壤的结构破坏率较低；在土壤的化学环境特征方面，土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等均未表现出明显的变化规律；所有超高产田的土壤阳离子交换量均不同程度地高于普通生产田，这与超高产田的定向培育有直接关系；一些超高产田有机质低于普通生产田，其原因与超高产田氮素施用量较高、促进了土壤有机质矿化有关。

The third part examines the Gertrude-Alice relationship from the perspective of space and shows that while their lesbianism is closeted, discursively they reveal the doubling of their bodies and living.

第三部份交错分析《艾莉丝的自传》、〈爱达〉、《所记得的》来说明葛楚与艾莉丝的同女关系是两人在生活、身体和言说空间里交融的原因和结果。

Unlike folk speech, proverbs, riddles, rhymes, songs, or tales, superstitions are based on conscious or unconscious assumptions about conditions and results--causes and effects--in the everyday world.

与大众俗语、谚语、谜语、韵文、民歌和民间故事不同的是，迷信建立在对我们日常生活中种种原因和结果有知、无知所作的假设之上。

From these causes it arose that Marcus, Pertinax, and Alexander, being all men of modest life, lovers of justice, enemies to cruelty, humane, and benignant, came to a sad end except Marcus; he alone lived and died honoured, because he had succeeded to the throne by hereditary title, and owed nothing either to the soldiers or the people; and afterwards, being possessed of many virtues which made him respected, he always kept both orders in their places whilst he lived, and was neither hated nor despised.

由于上述原因，结果马尔科、佩尔蒂纳切和亚历山大这些全是温和谦让的人、正义的热爱者、残暴的敌人、既人道又善良的人却落得个悲惨的下场，唯独马尔科例外。马尔科是生与死都很荣耀的唯一的一个人。这是因为他根据世袭权利继承王位，既不依靠军队也不依靠人民的力量，而且后来，由于他具有许多美德使他受到人们尊敬。当他在世的时候，他一直使军队和人民各安本份，他既没有招人怨恨，亦未引起人们轻视。

Suppose the proximate cause of one of the effects, A , is in no way a cause of the other effect. B , but some other prior cause is both B\'s immediate cause and the remote cause of the other\'s immediate effect, Al. In such a case there would still be an essential order based on a priority and posteriority of effect so long as the causality of their common cause is itself related to these effects by an essential order.

假设两个结果之一的近因，A决不是另一结果B的原因，而是有其他某种先天原因作为B的直接原因和另一结果的间接原因，这种情况下，只要公共原因自身与那些结果通过一种本质性的秩序保持关联，那么就还是存在一种居于先天和后天的本质性秩序。

But in practical operating, overvoltage caused by reignition of the vacuum switching device frequently appears, and it result in damage of the capacitor bank or the switchgear itself. Ensuring the switchgear against reignition and installing a protective device are two main approaches to avoid the phenomenon. In this paper, a study on overvoltage caused by reignition due to capacitor bank switching with the vacuum switching device and its preventive measures are carried out. The main work which has been done and researches are as follows: 1. The producing mechanism of overvoltage and its influence factor are analyzed. It is pointed out that single-phase reignition is the main reason for damage of the switchgear and two-phase reignition is the main reason for damage of the capacitor bank,so overvoltage of single-phase reignition and two-phase reignition are the emphases of prevention. 2. Analysis of the special working condition of the operating switch for capacitor bank is carried out. It indicates that the vacuum switching device is difficult to realize no-reignition under this operation condition, so it is more practical to adopt protection devices. 3. Analyses of protection effect of RC and MOA and their shortages are carried out. It shows that the two methods can only restrain effectively overvoltage caused by single-phase reignition, and they cannot protect the capacitor bank when reignition of two-phase occurs. 4. The operation principle of G-R damping device is analyzed and discussed emphatically.

本文针对真空开关投切电容器组时因重燃而产生的过电压及其防治措施进行了研究，所开展的主要工作和研究结果如下： 1、对过电压的产生机理及其影响因素进行了分析，指出单相重燃是导致开关设备损坏的主要原因，而两相重燃则是导致电容器组损坏的主要原因，因此单相重燃和两相重燃过电压是防护的重点； 2、对电容器组操作开关的特殊运行条件进行了分析，指出在这种运行条件真空开关难于实现不重燃，因此采用保护装置更具有现实意义； 3、对RC与MOA的保护效果和存在的不足进行了分析，指出这两种方法均只能有效抑制单相重燃过电压，而不能在发生两相重燃时保护电容器组； 4、重点对G-R阻尼装置的工作原理进行了分析和讨论，指出该装置接入后线路中将会出现两种频率的高频振荡，而电容器组上的过电压是由这两种振荡共同决定的； 5、根据对上述两种振荡的分析指出存在一个最佳电阻值使得过电压最低，并提出了电容器组电压和最佳电阻值的近似求解方法； 6、使用电气暂态分析软件MATLAB对G-R装置的保护效果进行了仿真计算，证实该装置确实可以有效抑制重燃时的电容器组过电压； 7、根据仿真与近似计算结果的偏差提出了近似计算的修正方法，经过修正后的过电压计算结果与仿真结果吻合较好； 8、对G-R装置中放电装置G与阻尼电阻R的要求进行了分析，指出采用编织电阻和真空间隙可能是最佳选择。

I wondered desperedly how long this was going on, having the feeling it explained some other things from before, but not being able to logically update with my own thinking 42 years of my life in one sudden moment, this experience is the most totering, i was fully aware, of the fact my entire thinking failde to understand what was going on, and that is aswell in fact the most interesting part of it, but aswell the cruel one, the past is completely different than in my memories was linked in terms like cause and consequence, and suddenly all seemed different, but the thinking ability of a human is clearly too slow to update and relink those facts until aswell in the longterm memorie, that feeling is awfull and something that normally humanns can only know teoretically, but feeling it happening is amazing, but terrifying.

我很惊讶这是多么的卑鄙无耻，这持续了如此之久。从一开始就试图解释一些其他的事，但对于这个突然的时刻，这不合我一生42年的逻辑思维。这是最酷刑的体验，我充分意识到，事实是，我整个的思维在理解发生了什么时是失败的，那实际也是它最有趣的部分，但也是最残酷的一种，与我记忆中与这相关的原因和结果相比，过去是完全不同的，一切仿佛突然而不同。但一个人的思维能力显然太慢更新，并且重新联系到那些事实，知道也变成长期的记忆，那种感觉是非常可怕的，某些是普通人只能够理论上知道，但感觉这是很令人惊讶的事，也是很可怕的事。

Numerical simulations by assemblies of circular panicles can qualitatively reflect the general characteristics of liquefaction behavior of sand. The interval effect of aspect ratio of elliptical panicle on the mechanical behavior of numerical sample is obtained, and the reason is related to the initial average co-ordination number. The regularity of evolution of fabric in the process of sand liquefaction under cyclic loading can be qualitatively achieved by using the numerical sample randomly mixed of panicles with different shapes. Numerical simulations can not only demonstrate the macro phenomenon of particle breakage, mostly importantly, it can also expose the evolution of particle breakage microscopically, and would contribute to further research of the micromechanics of particle breakage.

研究结果表明：Hertz-Mindlin非线性接触模型适用于变围压条件下砂土力学性质模拟；纯圆颗粒模拟能够定性地反映饱和砂土振动液化的一般规律；颗粒长短比变化对砂土力学性质的影响具有区间效应，其原因与粒间初始平均接触数有关；不同形状随机混合试样能够从定性规律上反映振动液化过程中砂土的细观组构演化规律；数值模拟不仅可得到颗粒破碎宏观响应，而且可以分析内部接触力变化和实现对粘结破裂位置的追踪，从而可进一步研究颗粒破碎细观力学机制。

The results show that the reason of pockmarks is significantly related to nonmetallic inclusions of Si,Al and Ca.

结果表明，其产生的原因与Si、Al、Ca形成的脆性夹杂物有关，在金属塑性变形及冷、热加工过程中，由于受到拉应力作用，脆性夹杂物碎裂后脱落而造成。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。