原哺乳动物

The main collagens in skin are type I and III. In this research, total collagens were separated from rat skin by enzymatic digest and acetum methods. The collagens were denatured at 60℃ and digested with trypsin. Characteristic peptides typical for collagen type I and III were identified with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

哺乳动物皮肤真皮中胶原蛋白含量约为70%，主要为是I型、III型胶原蛋白，本实验利用稀酸溶解和酶法提取了大鼠皮肤中的总胶原蛋白，将胶原蛋白粗提品在60℃变性后用胰蛋白酶进行降解，液相色谱/质谱联用法分析了两种胶原蛋白的特征多肽，利用特征多肽比较了不同生长期大鼠皮肤中I型和III型胶原蛋白相对含量。

The main components in hypodermis of mammiferous skin are collagens, amounting up to 70% of total proteins.

哺乳动物皮肤中真皮内的胶原蛋白含量约占70%，主要是Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和少量Ⅴ型胶原蛋白。

This dissertation studied the isolation, purification, culture system optimization and transplantation techniques of goat spermatogonium in vitro respectively to construct an optimized long term culture system to facilitate in vitro manipulate studies for future.

十年来小鼠精原干细胞培养和移植探索的不断完善，为各种哺乳动物及人类精原干细胞培养体系的建立和移植实验提供了新的思路和技术平台。

A variation in gastrulation, involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak, arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos, lending support

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

RT-PCR results showed that GDF8/11 gene was expressed in new fertilized cell, early gastrulation and knife-shaped embryo, which was different from that in mammals.

RT-PCR结果表明GDF8/11基因在新受精的细胞、早原肠胚和刀形胚胎中表达，这与哺乳动物中的情况不同。

A variation in gastrulation involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos lending support to the theory that birds and mammals evolved from reptiles.

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

The most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria.

最原始的哺乳动物，组成原兽亚纲唯一的现存种类。

We have researched distribution of TGF β and its receptor in various age group and discs of various degeneration grade, found that positive ratio of TGF β and its receptor is higher in below 40 year old group and discs of MRI Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade, mainly occur in fibrous cartilagous cells of fibrous annulus and nucleus pulpous; In group of 40-60 years old and grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ discs, TGF β decreased and TGF β R decreased not as much as TGF β; In above 60 years old group, TGF β and its receptor almost disappear.

生长因子包括TGF-β对细胞功能有重要调节作用，它是一种相对分子质量为2.5×10〓的二聚体多肽，几乎参与了哺乳动物所有细胞的病理，生理过程，尤其是在细胞外基质的产生及调控方面意义重大，且TGF-β已被公认为是与胶原代谢关系最密切的细胞因子。胡有谷、陈宏等，应用杂交技术检测了TGF-β对椎间盘Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原MRA的调节作用。

①Rat MSC and VSMC were cultured and identified, respectively. MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly, and then co-cultivated with VSMC. The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed. Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen.②We established the regulatable system in two steps: a stable MSC line expressing rtTA has been constructed and characterized firstly by transfected with pUHD 17-1hyg and then selected by hygromycin B; in a second step, this line was used for trandfer the AT2R gene to MSC to get the well establishing double stable MSC lines;③The expression of AT2R regulated by doxycycline was evaluated by western blot;④The MSCs were transduced into rat carotid arteries with regulatable AT2R gene after the establishment of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The intimal/medial area ratio were measured by digital analysis system.

研究方法：(1)密度梯度离心法及胶原酶消化法分别培养原代大鼠MSC及VSMC，细胞共培养并行免疫荧光化学染色和透射电镜观察超微结构；(2)组成受Dox调控的哺乳动物表达系统的四种成分的转化、扩增及提纯并酶切鉴定；(3)采用常规分子生物学方法连续两个回合转染体外培养的MSC，并分别采用发光计检测不同细胞克隆萤光素酶活性改变以及RT-PCR方法检测AT2R目的基因mRNA表达情况，根据各个细胞克隆受Dox调控表达的程度，选择低背景、高诱导表达AT2R的细胞系，作为双重稳定MSC细胞系；蛋白免疫印迹法观察该细胞系在Dox调控下AT2R表达的时相性、持续性及在不同浓度Dox调控下的表达情况；(4)建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型，将双重稳定MSC在术中导入血管，分别于14 d、28 d进行病理切片，检测可调控AT2R对新生内膜增生的影响；采用RT-PCR免疫组织化学免疫荧光等技术观察AT2R基因在新生内膜中的表达以及细胞外基质成分表达的改变，TUNEL法检测血管组织中细胞凋亡的变化情况。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。