原发的

These pathways are essential for the vertebrate immune system to recognize and clear RNA virus with different strategies, which are integral parts of innate immune response and directly affect later-stage acquired immunity.

它们利用不同的细胞信号转导机制诱导先天性免疫反应，主要参与脊椎动物细胞识别和清除RNA病毒的原发抗感染过程，是机体先天免疫系统的一种重要反应机制，直接影响后续适应性免疫系统的作用。

Diffusion-weighted imaging can provide qualitative and quantitative information at cellular level about tumor cellularity and the integrity of cell membranes.

磁共振全身弥散加权成像能提供细胞水平的定性和定量信息，反映肿瘤细胞构成及细胞膜完整性的变化，尤其是近几年发展的磁共振全身弥散加权成像技术，在诊断全身肿瘤原发灶，筛查全身肿瘤转移灶方面具有一定的优势，本文就其在肿瘤筛查、肿瘤特征描述、肿瘤良恶性鉴别、肿瘤疗效评估等方面的作用予以综述。

The average ADC was lower in the primarily focus of nasopharyngeal non cornification anaplastic carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes than normal control group.

结果 鼻咽非角化型未分化癌不同中医证型的平均ADC值的差异有显著统计学意义(x2=15.987，P＝0.000)，火毒困结型的平均ADC值明显高于痰浊结聚型、气血凝结型，且差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01)；鼻咽非角化型未分化癌原发灶及其转移性颈部、咽后淋巴结的平均ADC值均低于对照组，且差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01)。

Methods: Twelve microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p,9p and 14q were selected to investigate microsatellite alterations in 31 RCC specimens and their paired metastasis specimens by polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-ethylene dibromide (PCR-PAGE-EB) staining and sequencing.

选取位于染色体3p、9p、14q上的共计 12个微卫星多态性标记，采用PCR-中性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-EB染色和测序的方法对31例肾细胞癌患者的原发病灶和配对的转移病灶进行MSI和LOH分析。

Methods The expression of P73 in 92 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissue, 10 cases of colorectal polypous adenoma tissues, 34 cases of lymph node metastasis, 16 cases of liver metastasis, and 10 cases of normal colorectal tissues were measured by PV immunohistochemical approach.

选取92例大肠癌组织标本，腺瘤10例，淋巴结转移灶34例，肝转移灶16例，癌旁正常组织10例，通过免疫组化PV-9000通用型二步法检测P73在上述标本中的表达，分析P73在原发灶，转移灶，癌旁正常组织中的表达情况，与大肠癌临床病理参数的关系。

As a special structure in papillary tumors and appearing as microcalcification in the imaging examination, psammoma body has been considered of great significance in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

砂粒体作为乳头状肿瘤中的特殊病理结构，并在影像学上表现为微小钙化，对于甲状腺癌，特别是甲状腺乳头状癌原发灶及转移灶的病理学、细胞学、以及影像学诊断具有重要的意义。

The sublumbar lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis and can become larger than the original tumor.

髂淋巴结是最常见的扩散病灶，而且该病灶的肿瘤能增长到比原发病灶肿瘤更大的尺寸。

Clinical data of patiens with supraclavicular metastasis of unknown primary sites in hospital from March 1978 to November 1998＇ were retrospectively analyzed, and nine characteristic factors which might affect prognosis were selected and analyzed by Cox modal.

对1978年3月～1998年11月住院治疗的锁骨上区原发不明转移癌患者的临床资料进行研究，选择9个可能对其预后产生影响的特征性因素，通过Cox模型进行单因素和多因素分析。

There were 30 patients in LND group who underwent excision of primary tumor plus LND, whereas 26 patients in control group who underwent excision of primary tumor alone. The excisions of primary tumor for two groups were the wide resections with a margin of at least 2 cm. All patients had the same modality of adjuvant therapy after operation.

56例WHO临床分期Ⅰ期即区域淋巴结不能扪及的肢体恶性黑色素瘤随机分为清扫组和对照组，清扫组30例施行预防性区域淋巴结清扫，而对照组26例不进行预防性区域淋巴结清扫，两组均以至少2cm的边界对原发灶做广泛切除和术后应用相同方案的辅助治疗。

The most likely mechanism of Krukenberg tumor development is via retrograde lymphatic spreading from gastrointestinal cancers involving the stomach, colorectum, appendix, gall bladder/bile duct, small intestine and pancreas, with peak incidence occurring in premenopausal women from 30 to 49 years old.

Krukenberg瘤最可能的发病机制是胃肠道癌的逆行淋巴道转移，常见的原发瘤部位依次为胃、结直肠、阑尾、胆囊／胆管、小肠、胰腺，30-49岁绝经前妇女发病最多。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。