原则上

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

In China's civil action,the allocation of burden of proof usually adopts the normal principle of "He who asserts must prove" and inversion principle of burden of proof for special cases,supplement principle of evidence collecting by people's court and the undertakin...

我国民事诉讼中，举证责任的分配实行"谁主张，谁举证"的一般原则和对特别案件实行的举证责任倒置原则，人民法院调查收集证据的补充原则以及无法确定举证责任的承担时，由人民法院根据公平和诚信原则，综合当事人的举证能力等因素来确定举证责任的承担原则。我国对民事举证责任的分配尚存在一些问题，有待在立法上进一步完善。

Finally,based on this theory discussion and the actual case analysis,the paper has drawn the following conclusion:sports institute must seek the development,should abundantly realize to the school localization importance and completes the localization work,the correct reasonable school localization is the sports institute development premise and the foundation.The sports institute localization must rest on the Chinese national condition request,the social expectation and request,the place characteristic and school own request.The sports institute localization must follow must pragmatic principle:the whole optimization principle;the democratic principle;the academic dominant principle;the selective principle etc..In the sports institute localization process,various sports institutes must formulate the personal reasonable system,to carry on the appraisal with locate,to strengthen the internal and exterior communication of sports institute localization,to safeguard the realization of localization.

最后，在此理论探讨和实际案例分析的基础上，得出了如下结论：我国体育院校要谋求发展，就应充分认识到学校定位的重要性，做好定位工作，正确合理的办学定位是体育院校发展的前提和基础；体育院校定位要依据中国国情要求、社会期望和要求、地方特色和学校自身的要求，科学合理构建体育院校定位的内容；在体育院校定位中要注重体育特色定位；体育院校定位要遵循务实性原则、整体优化原则、民主性原则、学术主导性原则、有所为、有所不为原则等基本原则；在实现体育院校定位的过程中，各体育院校要制定切身合理的制度、对定位进行评估与再定位、加强体育院校定位的内部沟通和外部沟通，来保障定位的实现。

By differing prejudgment from doctrine of the presumption of innocence, the centralization of trial, doctrine of evidence judgment, doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence and direct wordage, I believe the principle is not isolated. By evaluating this principle, we shall raise its status in criminal judgment.

通过简单界定预断排除原则同无罪推定原则、审判中心主义、证据裁判原则、自由心证原则以及直接言词原则的关系，可以认识到这一原则并非一项孤立的存在，进而亦可加深理解它在刑事审判上的地位。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

On this foundation, this text sums up the basic principle of permeating mathematics method of thinking in junior high school mathematics: Announce to public and permeate," show"and " hidden" combinative, follow the sequence and advance gradually, spiral raising, make a point of the process, permeat on time, sum in time, system induce, problem solving, outstanding and deep, respect difference, layering teaching, come from knowledge, return to knowledge.

在此基础上，本文总结了初中数学中的数学思想与方法渗透的基本原则：揭示渗透，"潜""显"结合的原则，循序渐进，螺旋上升的原则，注重过程，适时渗透的原则，及时小结，系统归纳的原则，问题解决，突出深化的原则，尊重差异，分层教学的原则，源于知识，回归知识的原则。

In the first section,by analyzing different ideas as to thePISO,the author argues that as regards its content the PISO is one of theprinciples of criminal liability,neither belonging to the guilt-determiningprinciples nor to the principles of punishment fitting the crime.

第一节通过对定罪原则论、定罪与量刑原则论与刑事责任原则论的评析，指出了主客观相统一原则在内容上属于刑事责任原则。第二节首先论证了刑法基本原则的内涵与判断标准。

Yantai University, Yantai,Shandong, 265005）Abstract : The vast Majority of jurisdictions in the United States have moved to regime of Comparative negligence in tort cases. In contrast with contributory negligence, where a showing of fault on the part of the plaintiff acts as a complete bar to recovery, in comparative negligence the jury apportions faults among the parties and the damages are assessed in proportion to the fault assigned to the defendants.

美国大多数的辖区在侵权案件上都采用&比较过失原则&，和&共同过失原则&相比，&比较过失原则&是指陪审团在进行事实认定时，在当事人之间分配过失，进而根据当事人的过失比例分配责任的承担，而共同过失原则则是强调原告的过失――不管在伤害的产生上占多大比例――都是被告免责的绝对抗辩事由。

In this foundation, this paper brings up the five principles for implementation of experiential study in junior high Chinese (student-centered principle, situation-embraced principle, experience and understanding combined principle, learning strategy guided principle and joyful and harmonious principle) and eight implementation strategies of experiential study in junior high Chinese (creating atmosphere of experience through aesthetic reading, building touched experience through situation perception, obtaining implicated experience through association, obtaining situational experience through simulated performance, receiving role experience through empathized dialogue, acquiring deep experience through cooperative inquiry, obtaining creative experience through conversation with teacher and acquiring promoted experience through outward practice).

在此基础上，本文提出初中语文体验性学习实施的五大原则（学生主体原则、情境融入原则、体验理解相结合原则、学习策略指导原则、愉悦和谐原则）和初中语文体验性学习的八大实施策略（通过审美朗读营造体验氛围、通过情境感知生成感动体验、通过联想获得意蕴体验、通过模拟表演获得情境体验、通过移情对话获得角色体验、通过合作探究来获得深度体验、通过与教师对话获得创造性体验、通过拓展实践获得提升性体验）。

Grices Politeness principle and his conversational implicature describes that people usually obey this principle, but sometimes they violate it in communication. At the same time, it tells us how to infer the implicature in conversation. But it has not explained why people violate the principle deliberately. The Politeness principle explains the cases that people violate the Cooperative principle are for the purpose of politeness. The Relevance principle was put forward from a cognitive angle and it is a complement to the Cooperative principle.

Grice的合作原则及其会话含义描述了人们在言语交际中对合作的遵守和违反，以及会话含义的推导，但未解释人们既然要遵守合作原则，为何又要故意违反合作原则；Leech认为人们违反合作原则是出于礼貌，在此基础上他提出了礼貌原则，目的是为了弥补合作原则的不足；而Sperber和wilson则从认知的角度提出了关联原则，进一步完善了合作原则。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。