原则

According to classical thermodynamics, the energy relations between forward and reverse Carnot cycles between two isothermic reservoirs satisfy the principle 'it is equal in quantity and opposite in direction'.

按经典热力学，工作在两恒温热源间的正、反卡诺循环能量满足：&大小相等，方向相反&的原则，而实际热机、制冷机与热泵，由于热阻、摩擦、涡流、热漏等不可逆因素的存在，正、反卡诺循环能量不再满足此原则。

This should base on the most beneficial principle, the priorest principle for the under-ages, and the consciousness of the under-ages themselves, which are determined by Children's Right Convention of the United Nation, the most widely recognized international convention. The code will systematically integrate with the right protection system, the judicative system and the procuratorial system for under-ages.

提出应根据联合国《儿童权利公约》这个有史以来最为广泛认可的国际公约所确定的&未成年人最大利益原则&和&未成年人优先原则&，以&未成年人本位意识&制订一部将未成年人权益保护制度、未成年人司法制度和未成年人检察制度有机统一起来，具有程序法和实体法涵义的未成年人权益保护法典。

In the judicial sphere, the principle of rule of law decides the priority of formal rationality, that is, in the judicial process, when the substantive rationality of the case decision and the formal rationality of the law itself can both be achieved, the judicator should equally fulfill them; but when the substantive rationality and ormal rationality contradicts and excludes each ...

法治原则在司法领域必然意味着形式合理性的优先，即，在司法过程中，当个案处理结果的实质合理性与法律本身的形式合理性可以两全时，司法者应当而且必须兼顾这两种价值，在司法裁判中同时实现个案中的实质合理性与法律的形式合理性；然而，当实质合理性与形式合理性发生不可两全的矛盾而不得不有所牺牲时，司法裁判则应当以优先实现形式合理性为原则，以牺牲形式合理性为例外。

In the judicial sphere,the principle of rule of law decides the priority of formal rationality,that is,in the judicial process,when the substantive rationality of the case decision and the formal rationality of the law itself can both be achieved,the judicator should equally fulfill them;but when the substantive rationality and oral rationality contradicts and excludes each other,the judicator should principally take the formal rationality as priority and exceptionally sacrifice it.

法治原则在司法领域必然意味着形式合理性的优先，即，在司法过程中，当个案处理结果的实质合理性与法律本身的形式合理性可以两全时，司法者应当而且必须兼顾这两种价值，在司法裁判中同时实现个案中的实质合理性与法律的形式合理性；然而，当实质合理性与形式合理性发生不可两全的矛盾而不得不有所牺牲时，司法裁判则应当以优先实现形式合理性为原则，以牺牲形式合理性为例外。

The principle of Party property is the fundamental principle of jural news.

党性原则是法制新闻的基本原则。

Chapter 3: function of procedural justice to criminal evidence lawThis chapter explains the reason that procedural justice can legitimatize criminal evidence law.

第二部分围绕程序正义的基本理论问题展开，首先就程序正义的价值问题对国外有关程序正义的理论发展状况进行了介绍与评述，以揭示人们为什么需要程序正义这一问题；其次在他人研究的基础上提出了程序正义的形式层面与实质层面的几个标准，这些标准是作为程序正义的最低限度要求来发挥作用的；最后对程序正义与英美法系的正当程序原则和大陆法系的法治国家程序原则之间的关系进行了归纳总结，并指出程序正义在不同的文化背景下具有一种普遍性。

In general, overall nucleotide sequence identity between two distinct viruses are less than 89%, and strains of virus must have sequence identity greater than 89%, so VA2 is a distinct begomoviruses. In accordance with the revised proposal for naming geminiviruses, we propose to name VA2 as Malvastrum yellow vein virus.

根据&双生病毒科病毒全基因组核苷酸序列同源性小于89％，往往定名为不同病毒；大于89％，则认为是同一病毒的不同株系&这一原则，VA2为双生病毒的一种新种，根据病毒分类委员会命名原则，我们将该病毒命名为赛葵黄脉病毒，英文名为Malvastrum yellow vein virus，简称MYVV。

If a person fails to satisfy a judgement made by the court within the stipulated time, the court will, upon application by either party, mandatorily enforce the judgement.

倘中国与相关外国缔结或参加关于相互承认及执行的国际条约或倘根据互惠原则有关判决满足法院的审查，则外国判决亦可由人民法院根据中国执行程序予以承认及执行，除非人民法院发现承认或执行该判决或裁定将导致违反中国的基本法律原则、主权或安全或不符合社会及公共利益。

If a person fails to satisfy a judgement made by the court within the stipulated time, the court will, upon a lication by either party, mandatorily enforce the judgement.

倘中国与相关外国缔结或参加关于相互承认及执行的国际条约或倘根据互惠原则有关判决满足法院的审查，则外国判决亦可由人民法院根据中国执行程序予以承认及执行，除非人民法院发现承认或执行该判决或裁定将导致违反中国的基本法律原则、主权或安全或不符合社会及公共利益。

The mediatory system, regarded as"excellent tradition"and"successful experience", loses its glory by degrees.

如何改造和重兴民事诉讼调解，仅就目前司法资源的配置现状而言，&调审分离&似为不妥，也不符合效率原则和诉讼经济原则；取消民事诉讼调解程序也不可取，它是对优秀历史传统的全盘否定，民事诉讼调解有其存在的历史价值和现实价值；而墨守于现行的民事诉讼调解程序，则是背离了时代发展的要求。应对艰难的抉择，需要我们进行深入而有益的探索。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。