原则

The preventing and remedying desertification puts into practice prevention as main,principle of combining ecology protection with Prevensing and remedying,principle of preventing and remedy and economy development and utilization coodinated and promoting,comprehensive preventing and remedying and chassified control combines,public particlpation and renovating person benifits combine for different responsibility body bearing different responsibility bearing principle,becanse of man-made fault causing desartification preventing and remedying responsibility carrying out action-person bearing principle,principle of gorernment mainly bearing desertification recovery caused by nature action and benifit's person undertaking reasonable burban and decide unified planing system,systen of desertification status investigation and monitoring early warning system,fallow,limited cultivating hand and help-the poor combined systen,prohibitory systan,priority region and urgent-action region system.

文摘：沙漠化防治实行预防为主，生态保护与防治结合原则，防治与经济开发利用相协调促进原则；综合防治与分类控制相结合；公众参与和整治者受益结合；对不同责任主体实行不同责任承担原则，由人为不当活动造成的沙漠化治理责任，实行行为者负担原则；对自然作用造成的沙漠化治理实行政府负担为主，受益者合理负担原则；确立统一规划制度；沙漠化状况调查评估与监测预警制度，休耕限耕和扶贫结合制度，禁限制度，优先区域与紧急行动区域制度。

The first section mainly introduced the rebus sic sicutibus principle concept and its historical evolution and the rationale, by its historical development process and in establishes in this principle process from its basic concept understanding the mainland legal system country and the English America legal system country to its rationale discussion and the dispute, causes us to understand what is the rebus sic sicutibus principle as well as world many countries must discuss this principle, as well as is discussing this principle time also has any type the viewpoint.

第一节主要介绍了情势变更原则的概念以及其历史沿革和理论基础，从其基本概念的理解以及其历史发展的过程和在建立这个原则过程中大陆法系国家和英美法系国家对其理论基础的探讨和争议，使我们明白到底什么是情势变更原则以及世界上的许多国家为什么要探讨这个原则，以及在探讨这个原则的时候又有着什么样的观点。

They are: the principle of sovereignty of each state, the principle of equality and reciprocity, the principle of law, the principle of specificity, and the principle of protection of human rights.

它们是：国家主权原则、平等互惠原则、法制原则、特定性原则、人权保护原则。

The trial practice in China points out that the subject which can start the procedure and deny the umpirage of the rule can only be national judicial organization, and also discusses the following aspects: the rule of honesty and credit, the rule of forbidding abusing rights, the rule of good situation and the rule personal and collective legitimate interest protected by law, the procedure of init...

我国采用民商法中诚实信用原则、禁止权利滥用原则、公序良俗原则以及国家、集体和个人合法权益受法律保护原则作为解决公司法人人格否认制度的法律适用问题。因此，有必要进一步对诉讼主体———原告、被告的提起和追加程序；举证责任倒置的原则；公司法人人格被否认后应由被否认人格的公司及其股东对债权人承担无限连带责任等等适用问题作出全面探讨。

With a study of plant community succession on 5 stocking rates,herbage utilizational efficiency and risk-benefit balance,it is suggested the sustainable development should follow:(1)no degradational principle of rangeland,(2)the maximum herbage utilizational efficiency,(3)the risk-benefit balance,When stocking rate was no more than 2.67 sheep/hm2,the proportion of grasses and plant biodiversity index and evenness were increased based on Artemisia frigida and short-grass rangeland.

草地畜牧业可持续发展的三大生物经济原则为草场不退化原则、最大生物学效率原则和风险-利润权衡原则：(1)草场不退化原则。在冷蒿小禾草退化草原上，暖季期间1.33～2.67羊/hm\+2的放牧率下可使其发生恢复演替，禾草的比例增大，植物多样性指数和均匀度指数均有所提高，从而达到利用式改良的目的；相反，若继续重牧或过牧，放牧绵羊喜食的植物种类将进一步减少，植物多样性指数也有所降低。

The Cognitive Meaning of Proposition means whether it's true or not. The standards about the cognitive meaning of propositions are five, such as conceivable principle?describable principle?truth principle?confirmed principle and verified principle.

命题的认知意义是指其有无真假可言；判断一个命题是否具有认知意义，有五个不同的标准：可想象性原则，描述性原则，真值条件原则，可证实性原则和印证原则。

At the beginning of the paper, a literature review on the domestic and abroad researches of Container Terminal logistics system is provided introducing some computer simulating model technology apply case on Container Terminal logistics system on the domestic and abroad; secondly this article introduce the element and characteristics of Container Terminal operation system ,specially operation flow , controlling principle (including gate testing principle, ship controlling principle , quay operating principle , yard I/O operating principle , yard running system),followed by quality evaluating index and empiristic formulas of Container Terminal .

本文首先回顾了国内外集装箱码头物流系统的研究动态，介绍了国内外计算机仿真技术在集装箱码头物流系统仿真中的应用情况，然后介绍了集装箱码头作业系统的组成和特点，以及其装卸工艺、作业流程、操作原则(包括大门检查箱作业原则、船舶调度管理原则、码头前沿操作原则、堆场存取箱作业管理原则、堆场管理系统)，接着介绍集装箱码头系统的性能评价指标和码头通过能力经验公式及出入口车道数计算，并结合天津港集装箱码头物流系统的特点，系统地介绍了天津港集装箱码头的基本组成、布局、装卸工艺、作业流程后，评估了集装箱码头物流系统的相关性能指标，并结合实际码头的历史数据，介绍一些相关的经验公式。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

This study draws the theory of the campus material culture from four aspects, such as education ecology, courses statement, inbeing psychology and culture circumstance.

结合有关调查研究，提出了中小学校园物质文化建设的四个原则：加强研究整体规划的原则，以人为本体现主体的原则，突出特色因校而建的原则，注重内涵形成文化的原则。

It also puts forward the principles of concerting them:principle of common control, principle of trends balance,principle of weigh,principle of priority of legality.

应在社会人权优先保障的前提下兼顾个人人权。并提出协调社会人权与被告人人权的原则：共同抑制原则、动态平衡原则、权衡原则、合法性优先原则。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。