厚叶的

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

The size and localization of oil cells in the leaves, combined with the thickness of leaves, the number of layer of palisade tissue, the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue, the hypoderm, and the type of hairs, may be used as the identification characteristics of the generas, and even species.

木兰科植物油细胞的分布及其大小与叶厚、栅栏组织层数、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度间的比值以及下皮层的有无、表皮毛的类型、叶脉的结构等特征相结合，可作为该科中属、甚至种的鉴别特征。

Leaves with petiole 0.5-2 mm; blade narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 2.5-5.8 × 0.7-2.3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially ± densely glaucous; laminar glands long to short streaks; abaxial glands rather sparse; main lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, all branches clearly visible and forming undulating intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation nearly invisible; base cuneate, apex acute to subacute.

叶具叶柄0.5-2毫米；叶片狭三角形披针形， 2.5-5.8 * 0.7-2.3 厘米，厚纸质，背面多少密被白霜；片状的腺长到短条纹；背面的腺体相当稀；主要侧脉2-或3对，全部的分枝明显可见的并且形成波状近边缘内脉，近看不见的第三级网脉；基部楔形，先端锐尖到近尖。

Leaves 5, not fully expanded at anthesis; petiole 5.5--15 cm, with thick long pilose hairs; leaf blade nearly kidney-shaped, rounded-ovate, or 5-angled, 2.5--7 × 4.5--11 cm,± equally 3-foliolate, abaxially with white hairs, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cordate; lateral leaflets subsessile, unevenly 2-lobed; central leaflet subsessile or with a 1--4 mm petiolule, deeply 3-lobed, lobes entire or dissected, ultimate lobes triangular to narrowly linear and 2--3.5 mm wide.

叶5，不完全膨大的在花期；叶柄5.5-15厘米，具厚具长柔毛毛；叶片差不多肾形，圆形卵形，或具5个角， 2.5-7 * 4.5-11厘米，多少具3小叶，背面具白色的毛，正面无毛，基部宽心形；侧生小叶近无柄，不均匀2裂；中心的小叶近无柄或具一1-4毫米小叶柄，3深裂，裂片全缘的或多裂，末级的裂片三角形到狭线形和2-3.5毫米宽。

The above facts indicated that silicon accumulation in the rice leaf sheath inside, the leaf surface and the sclerenchymatous cell, played the physical barrier role, delayed the hypha of sheath blight expansion.5、Analysing the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the resistance to rice sheath blight improved by silicon application in several respects.(1) After being inoculated with R.solani, O2 and POD activities disordered, CAT activities obviously declined. O2 producingvelocity in 91SP\'s leaves and leaf sheaths of Si+ rice plants were lower than those of Siriceplants, MDA content in leaves and leaf sheaths of Si+ rice plants were lower thanthose of Si- rice plants significantly in three days after inoculating, SOD、POD、CATactivities in leaf sheaths of Si+ rice plants were higher than those of Si- rice plantssignificantly in one day after inoculating, SOD、POD、CAT activities in leaves ofSi-treatment were higher than those of Si- rice plants significantly in three days afterinoculating. O2 producing velocity and MDA content in Lemont\'s leaves and leafsheaths of Si+ rice plants were lower than those of Si- rice plants significantly afterinoculating, and SOD、POD、CAT activities of Si+ rice plants were higher than those ofSi- rice plants significantly.

说明硅在水稻叶鞘内侧、叶表和厚壁细胞积累，起到了物理屏障的作用，延缓了纹枯病菌的扩展。5、阐明了施硅增强水稻抗纹枯病的生理生化机制(1)接种纹枯病菌后，两个水稻品种91SP和Lemont的叶鞘和叶片超氧阴离子自由基O2性紊乱，CAT活性明显下降；抗病品种91SP叶鞘和叶片施硅处理的O2产生速率小于缺硅处理，叶鞘和叶片MDA含量在接种第3 d后显著低于缺硅处理，叶鞘SOD、POD、CAT活性在接种1 d后一直显著高于缺硅处理，叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性在接种3 d后显著高于缺硅处理；感病品种Lemont叶鞘和叶片施硅处理的O2产生速率、MDA含量始终显著小于缺硅处理，SOD、POD、CAT活性始终显著大于缺硅处理。

The two species are similar in stomatal character and in the absence of accessory transfusion tissue, but they are very different in stomatal distribution, pinna venation pattern and pinna marginal shape, presence or absence of mucilage canal, differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma, characteristics of girder parenchyma and epidermal anticlinal wall.

两个属在气孔器特征与不具副传输组织方面极为相似，而在气孔的分布、羽片脉序式样与叶缘形态、粘液道的有无、海绵组织与栅栏组织的分化、工字厚壁组织与表皮细胞垂周壁特征方面则有较大的差异。

Culms ca. 8 m, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; internodes dull purple-green, becoming green with lower internodes tinged purple, to 35 cm, initially white powdery; wall ca. 5 mm thick; nodal ridge slightly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar; intranode ca. 5 mm. Culm sheaths pale red-brown, sometimes tinged green, sparsely to densely speckled, dark brown and glabrous along margins, sparsely strigose; auricles and oral setae well developed, purple; ligule purple, truncate to arcuate, short but broad, margin fringed with purple-tinged cilia; blade reflexed, purple to green, crinkled.

秆约8米，约厘米直径；节间愚笨紫色绿色，变得绿色与低节间紫色地微染着，令35厘米的是，最初白色粉状；壁约5毫米厚；节的稍隆起脊，象鞘痕一样突出； intranode约5毫米竿箨浅红棕色，有时微染绿色，疏生对浓密有斑点，暗褐色和沿边缘，疏生糙伏毛；叶耳和口头的刚毛发育良好，紫色；叶舌紫色，削去到弧曲，短但是辽阔，用紫色微染的cilia作为边缘的边；叶片反折，对绿色，皱曲紫色。

Considering the skin effect and skin depth, a thin wall model and a thick wall model are derived creatively with different frequencies of discharge currents, which are used to study the relation between the spark location and the potential difference for a cuboid electrode.

本文从放电电流为任意函数入手，阐述了电极电位差法的检测原理，首次利用傅立叶级数推导了电位差与放电时间的关系，证明了放电电流为阶跃函数时，电位差与放电时间成指数关系；当放电电流中含有高频振荡时，电位差与放电时间的关系为指数曲线上叠加相移后的高频振荡；根据放电电流频率的不同，考虑到趋肤效应和趋肤深度，首创了薄壁模型和厚壁模型，研究了长方体电极下表面二维放电点位置与电位差的关系。

Many tropical species of broadleaved flowering plants are evergreen and their leaves are thicker and more leathery than those of deciduous trees.

许多热带的阔叶显花植物是常绿的，它们的叶远比落叶植物厚而且更为坚韧。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。