厚叶的

Results showed that all leaves consisted of epidermis, chlorenchyma, aquiferous tissue and vascular bundles. The leaves had the xeromorphic characteristics, including thickened epidermal cell wall, thickened cuticle, sunken stomata and well_developed aquiferous tissue. With the exception of this, there were remarkable differences in leaf structure among the six species.

结果表明，6种芦荟叶均由表皮、光合组织、储水组织和维管束组成，都表现出明显的旱生植物肉质叶的结构特征，表皮由一层扁平的细胞组成，其外壁加厚，并覆盖着厚的角质膜，气孔器凹陷，储水组织发达。

As the changes of environment, the changes on the physiology structure can occur on different blades .The density of stem epidermis lenticel which lives on sunny slope in increasing, it is good for evaporating and exchanging gas.

从叶的形态解剖可知薄皮栓皮栎与厚皮栓皮栎，叶在在栅栏组织海绵组织的厚度，栅海比；维管束类型，机械组织发达程度；上下表皮细胞形态，垂周壁类型；气孔大小，上下表皮分布密度等方面均有明显差异。

Second is the real life of native Pekinese. The application of the tactful and elegant languages Ye used give her works an impression of solemnity. The third chapter writes female image in Ye抯 novels.

叶广芩的叙事语言也是"贵族化"的：以叹惋和抒情的笔调凸现着端庄与凝重，所展现的地域风情一如高天厚土的北京城般淳厚、古朴、雍容、闲适，民风民俗中蕴藏着中国传统文化的影子。

Ferns do not show secondary thickening, but in large ferns such as tree fens bands of sclerenchyma and the overlapping bases of the fronds help to support the plant.

真蕨类无次生加厚作用，但在大型真蕨中如树蕨具有厚壁组织，叶的重叠也有助于支撑植物体。

Firstly, it is found that there are many obvious differences between Acorus and Araceae. Their differences are based on many aspects which include characteristics of morphology, anatomy and epidermis of leaf, types of tapetum in anther walls , patterns of endothecial thickenings, and ways of development of endosperms, presence or absence of perisperm, components of photochemistry, and sequences of rbcL.

研究表明：1。菖蒲属与天南星科其它属在叶的形态、结构、表面特征，花药绒毡层类型，药室内壁增厚的特点，胚乳的发育方式，外胚乳的有无，植物化学成分，rbcL基因序列等多方面存在着显著的差异。

The leaf anatomical structures of the mosses are of ecological adaptation to their habitats. The mosses wider dry conditions often have thickened laminal cell-walls on the surfaces, and some of them have appendiculate structures.

藓类植物叶的解剖结构具有生态适应意义，旱生环境下的藓类植物，叶片细胞胞壁具不同程度的增厚，有些藓类植物叶片具附属结构，藓类植物中肋的有无，反映了对水分吸收和运输方式的不同。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

Chemical investigation on the leaves of cultivated Calophyllum inophyllum linn led to the isolation of three compounds named Friedelan-3-one(1),1-triacontanol(2) and canophyllol.

从人工栽培红厚壳叶的二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到3个化合物，经理化数据对照和波谱分析，确定它们分别为：木栓酮(1)，三十烷醇(2)和海棠果醇(3)。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

Main conclusions are as follows:(1) changes of leaf morphological and anatomical structures with tree height:25 researched tree species exhibited xeromorphic structures at tree top,that is,toward tree top,leaves were with 1 increased cuticle thickness;2 developed palisade tissue and even double-palisade structure;3 densely arranged tissue cells;4 smaller cells;5 thicker epidermis,smaller and denser stomata;6 smaller and thicker leaf,great LMA value.

本文主要得出以下结论：(1)叶片结构随树高的变化：研究的25种树种表现为越往树顶处：1角质层越厚；2栅栏组织越发达，全栅特征越明显；3叶组织细胞排列越紧密；4叶肉细胞越小；5表皮层越厚，气孔越小而密、单叶的气孔总面积越小；6叶片越小而厚，LMA越大。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。