厌氧的

Lmt.The characteristics and novelty in this dissertation was obvious in the following aspects: cofermentation of glucose and xylose to ethanol by recombinant yeast S. cerevisiae ZU-10, ethanol production from hydrolysates of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stover by recombinant yeast S. cerevisiae ZU-10, and integration of key technologies in ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. These results were meaningful not only in academic research, also in utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, decreasing the production cost of fuel ethanol , and alleviating the world grain crisis.

本文在基因重组酵母对葡萄糖和木糖的共发酵、利用基因重组酵母厌氧条件下发酵玉米秸秆纤维素和半纤维素水解液生产乙醇、以及利用木质纤维原料生产乙醇的关键技术集成等方面的研究具有明显的特色与创新，相关研究结果不仅有一定的学术价值，而且在促进可再生木质纤维素资源的转化利用、缓解人类的粮食危机、降低燃料乙醇的生产成本等方面具有重要的现实意义。

The result indicated that, although microorganism from paddy soil could directly reduce Cr, the reduecing rate and efficiency were limited; the higher Cr concentration was, the less reducing ability the microbial showed; the microbe from different paddy soils had different effects on Cr reducing abilities; The reducing ability of the microbe from Sichuan paddy soil was higher than that from Jiangxi paddy soil. Cr added could be rapidly reduced in paddy soil under anaerobic incubation, moreover, the process of dissimilatory iron reduction of soil could obviously promote the Cr reduction. The existent of Cr could delay the appearance of Fe; the higher Cr concentration was, the later Fe appeared. The delayed time of Fe appearance was in accordance with the ending time of Cr reduction.

结果表明，由水稻土中提取的微生物虽然能够直接还原Cr，但其还原速率和还原程度有限，且Cr浓度越高，微生物的还原能力越差；不同来源的上壤微生物对Cr的还原能力有所差异，其中四川水稻土中微生物对Cr的还原能力均大于江西水稻土；在厌氧培养的水稻土中，添加的Cr可以较迅速地还原，其中土壤氧化铁的微生物还原过程对Cr还原具有明显的促进作用；Cr的存在导致Fe生成的时间出现滞后，目Cr浓度越大生成Fe的滞后时间越长；Fe产生滞后的时间与Cr还原结束的时间具有一致性。

Dissimilatory Fe oxide reduction under anaerobic condition is a process which is an anaerobic respiration with Fe as the terminal electron acceptor. This anaerobic respiration showed important environmental significances. Dissimilatory Fe reducers can use diverse electron acceptors including many toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as Mn、Cr、Co insides Fe. So these toxic metals were detoxified or were immobilized reductively.

这种厌氧呼吸作用具有重要的环境学和地学意义，Fe还原微生物可利用除Fe以外的许多其它电子受体包括许多有毒重金属和类金属，如Mn、Cr、Co等，从而对这些有毒重金属起到还原解毒或还原固定的作用；还原过程还可促进一些有机污染物的降解； Fe氧化物的还原偶联着Si、P等元素的变化，对提高这些营养元素的有效性发挥着重要作用。

MAP could inhibit the growth of aerobic, anaerobic, coliform bacteria, then extend the shelf-life and keep the quality of breeded large yellow croakers.

气调包装能明显抑制需氧细菌、厌需细菌和大肠菌群的繁殖，从而延长养殖大黄鱼的货架期，并保持良好的品质。

The results show that coal and gangue are involved in the microbial role; the quantity of inoculums is directly related to the quantities of gas and the contents of methane, at the same time it has a certain degree of impact on the contents of NO(superscript - subscript 3)-N, NH(superscript + subscript 4)-N, S(superscript 2-), SO(superscript 2- subscript 4), and metals; moreover, because of the microbial anaerobic fermentation, the contents of NH(superscript + subscript 3) are seriously substandard; overall, the group B which has a smaller proportion of gangue has a less impact to the environment compared to the group A which has a larger proportion of gangue.

结果表明：煤、煤矸石参与了微生物作用；接种物的加入量与产气量和甲烷含量密切相关，并对硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硫化物、硫酸盐和金属也有一定程度的影响；同时由于微生物厌氧发酵的关系，氨氮严重超标；矸石比例较小的B组对环境的影响略小于矸石比例较大的A组。

So far research on antibiotic production wastewater treatment has mainly focused on the removals of organic pollutant and sulphate and hydrogen sulfide produced during sulphate removal with anaerobic process.

迄今为止，虽然对抗生素废水处理技术的研究很多，但基本上是针对有机物和硫酸盐以及硫酸盐在厌氧过程中产生的高浓度硫化氢去除的研究，而对脱氮除磷、脱色以及剩余污泥处理的研究，尤其是综合治理技术的最优化和工程实际应用的研究很少。

Fe was favorable for the hydrogen-producing fermentation system to keep a lower redox potential and this would improve its hydrogen yield due to the enhancement of the metabolic activity of anaerobic bacteria.

单质Fe具有较强的还原能力，可使系统的氧化还原电位维持在较低的水平，对于提高厌氧细菌的代谢活性，提高反应系统的产氢能力，具有较好的促进作用。

The compositions of cell membrane intact polar membrane lipids of bacteria and Achaea and their applications in the researches of biogeochemistry and microbial ecology are summarized in this paper. The recent progresses of IPLs applications are reviewed, with emphasis on those microorganisms that play a specific role in biogeochemical cycle, such as anaerobic ammoniumoxidizing bacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic Achaea, ammoniaoxidizing Achaea and marine Crenarcheota with tetraether lipids, or those special ecological systems, such as hydrothermal vent, cold seep and marine deep biosphere.

综述了海洋沉积物中细菌和古菌的细胞膜完整极性膜脂的组成特点及其在生物地球化学和微生物生态学等研究中的应用，重点评述了在生物地球化学循环中有特殊作用的微生物，如厌氧氨氧化细菌、甲烷氧化古菌、氨氧化古菌、具有四醚膜脂结构的海洋泉古菌等，或者是一些特殊生态系统，如冷泉、海底深部生物圈等研究中完整极性膜脂应用的进展。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。