压裂

In combination with the geological features of the ga wells in West Sichuan, such as multi-payzone high pressure gradients and a large lithological change in channel sand bodies, etc., the casing cementing and perforation completion were adopted for the main well and branch holes in the well group and the interzonal pressure seals of the main well and branch holes, and the separate well fracturing and producing were all realized through a completion string with dual-tubing and dual-packer.

结合川西地区气井多产层、高压力梯度、河道砂体岩性变化大等地质特点，该井组主井眼和分支井眼均采用套管固井、射孔完成，通过双油管和双封隔器的完井管柱实现了主井眼和分支井眼的层间压力分隔和分井压裂、分井采气。

This paper establishes mathematical models of unsteady and Non-Darcy low speed flow through the porous media and the double porous medium, and has obtained their solutions in an infinite reservoir through Laplace transformation, and their long time asymptotic solutions has been worked out, solutions on a bounded reservoir has also obtained through finite integral transformation and Laplace transformation.

从现场上各种水淹的实际资料来看，同一水动力的非均质油层系统中，渗透率相对较高的部分水洗之后，渗透率相对较低部分的油层却可以原封不动。而且，其渗透率可达达西级，含油饱和度可达80％以上。相对流动比(即同一水动力的非均质油层系统中，小层平均渗透率的最大值与其中不流动部分的小层平均渗透率的最大值相比)的比值在各种油层的生产实例中十分相近。一般的分布范围为3—7，常见的为4—6。实验室结果和生产实践基本相同。简单的注水和压裂对这一比值几乎无影响。

By the limit element analysis of the double punch sample, the stress, strain, and deformation were studied. The result is consistent with the tests.

而且间接法中试验本身存在一些影响因素，如轴向压裂法中衬垫的尺寸和试样的高径比对试验结果影响很大。

This model can describe the linear Darcy s flow and the nonlinear flows including low-permeability and high-permeability flow in fracture.

该模型可用于双重介质或单重介质地层压裂前后生产动态的模拟，既能描述线性的达西渗流现象，又能描述低渗透和高渗透两种情况下的非线性渗流问题。

Well and layer selection criteria of liquid propellant high energy gas fracturing are included in this paper.

提出了液体药高能气体压裂选井、选层的条件。

Acid-fracturing treatment and testing technology level have great impact for testing production. The reservoir can be damaged easily and the uncertainty for calibrating log interpretation will increase according to testing conclusions.⑶ Lithology complex (quartz sandstone, lithic sandstone, arcose), the reservoir has different characteristics with different lithology. Conventional log interpretation methods can not accurately identify the various sandstone.

酸化压裂和试油工艺水平对测试产能的影响很大，储层容易被伤害，使根据试油气结论进行测井解释标定的不确定性增大；⑶岩性（石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩）复杂，不同岩性的储层具有不同的特征，常规测井解释方法无法准确的识别各类砂岩岩性等。

Therefore, the early use of low-permeability reservoir development Diamond Anti-9:00 Well, diamond crack parallel to the main diagonal directions along the crack edge wells to increase water efficiency by the degree of widening further suppress the injection wells, well away from the row Kadoi premature flooded, and the overall benefit of fracturing; in the latter part of the diamond-shaped anti-9:00 Well Well turn the corner to form staggered rows like water injection means, thereby maintaining a high production rate and phase out the extent of mining.

因此，低渗透油藏开发初期使用菱形反九点井网，菱形主对角线平行裂缝方向，沿裂缝注水增加边井受效程度，拉大的井距又可抑制注水井排的角井过早水淹，且利于整体压裂改造；中后期将菱形反九点井网的角井转注形成交错排状注水方式，从而保持较高的采油速度和阶段采出程度。

The combustion process in oil well in high-energy gas fracture is simulated by manometric bomb test.

利用密闭爆发器测试技术模拟了高能气体压裂弹的爆燃过程，并使用红外光谱分析技术对燃气成份中毒性气体进行了检测。

Based on the example in Min114 block at Xinmin oil field,the authors analyze the relation of the fracture and crustal stress,measure the direction and length of the hydraulic fracture by receiving the microseism signals when the terrene is broken,which provides a basis for deploying reasonable flood pattern for development of low permeability reservoir.

以新民油田民114区块为实例，利用微震裂缝监测技术，通过接收地层破裂时的微震信号测定水力压裂产生的人工裂缝的走向与长度，分析裂缝发育与地应力的关系，为低渗透油藏开发中合理部署注采井网提供依据。

The value of the minimum stress is one of the most important parameters in hydraulic fracturing.

最小应力值是水力压裂最重要的参数之一。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。