压力钻

Focused on many problems existing in pressure control system of drilling pipe friction welding,such as high failure rate and poor amenability,the basic principles of friction welding and electro-hydraulic proportional technique were briefly described.

针对焊接钻杆连续驱动摩擦焊机采用开关阀组成压力控制系统存在故障几率高、可控性差等问题，将电液比例控制技术应用在摩擦焊压力控制中，实现了摩擦焊轴向压力闭环控制、滑台进给速度的开环控制；可对摩擦焊机主轴速度、轴向压力、轴向缩短量、主电机电流、油温等进行实时检测。

Finally,the method and procedure of calculating downhole bit weight by use of the drilling weight and apparent pressure during drilling are proposed in the paper also.

并给出了利用钻进时的钻重和视压力，计算出井底钻压的方法及步骤。

(1) The input of the internal fixation implant should be in accordance with the compressive trabeculae and be clingy with the femoral calcar, Abduction in small degree (10-30°) will improve the stress in femoral neck region. The stress distribution of the femur under extemal violence explained why the old people are easy to get the middle and low part fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures.(2) The finite element model of femoral neck fracture is good in orrowing various fixation methods for femoral neck fracture.

(1)三维有限元方法用于研究不规则物体是一种有效、准确的数值方法，不仅能考虑到所研究物体的几何形状，而且也考虑到物体的内部结构特性；股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构，内固定物的放置应循压力骨小梁方向尽量紧贴股骨距钻入；载荷主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距传导至股骨干的中下1/3处；一定角度的下肢外展（10-30°）会较明显的增加股骨颈区的应力，而下肢的内收反而会减小此区的应力；暴力作用时股骨上端应力分布特点从生物力学角度说明老年人易于发生股骨颈中下段骨折和转子间骨折的原因。

The computational formula on pressure increment in bottomholes affected by drilling speed is deduced as well.

首先利用在钻井过程中随钻测量起钻后地面回旋的方法，自行研制开发出能够抗180℃高温，具有抗震功能的测量仪器；其次，在原有模型基础上，利用实例数据进行分析，考虑固相和多相流加速度压降的影响，研制开发了流钻欠平衡钻井环空多相流井底压力的计算模型，并推导出机械钻速影响井底压力增量的计算公式；最后，为验证模型精度，开发了钻井监测与分析计算软件，软件计算结果与实测数据叶比，误差小于3%。

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Utilize energy method to research crook problem of drilling rod under pressure and act on together, having studied the crooked influence to the drilling rod of torsion emphatically, the theory analyses found that Axial load, hole vertex angle and torque are important factors of influence drilling rod crook.

利用能量方法研究了压力和扭矩共同作用下钻杆的弯曲问题，着重研究了扭矩对钻杆弯曲的影响，理论分析发现，轴向载荷，钻孔顶角和扭矩是影响钻杆弯曲的重要因素。

The course of heat conducting in the drills has a detailed analysis first time, and it's pointed out that the loss of heat energy can be decreased through the reduce of distance between heating resistant element and inner casing of the subterrene drills, and thickness of the shell.

钻进压力对钻进速度的影响与地层中的空隙和孔隙有关，即地层越松散，钻压的影响越大，可以与热熔器的热功率一样，采用比钻压的概念，即在热熔器单位横截面积上的钻压值。

According to the grey theory,a new method of pore pressure prediction for undrilled formation beneath the bit was offered in the thesis,and a grey model of formation pore pressure prediction while drilling was es.

文章以灰色理论为基础，提出了钻头下部未钻开地层的孔隙压力预测新方法，建立了地层孔隙压力随钻预测灰色模型群。

Regarding the density data and acoustic data in logging material as restriction, it also establishes undrilled district log through model seismic inverse, then, calculates elastic constant of rocks, density constant of rocks and even the profile of the following three pressures (pore pressure, caving pressure, fracture pressure). In the end, this thesis can determine safe drilling mud density windows, provide reference for drilling design, guides safe drilling and decreases the occurrence of accident.

将测井资料中的密度数据或是声波数据作为约束条件，通过模型地震反演，构建待钻区域的测井曲线，从而可以用理论和处理手段上比较成熟的测井分析的方法，进行岩石弹性和强度参数的计算，计算地层的三个压力(孔隙压力、坍塌压力、破裂压力)剖面，最终确定安全钻井液密度窗口，为钻井设计提供参考，指导安全钻井，减少钻井事故。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。