压力

Regarding the general industrial dust aluminite powder, the firing delay time and the most tremendous pressure rise speed influence is very obvious to its maximum explosion pressure; Its maximum explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise speed reduces along with the dust granularity increases: And increases the tendency to be obvious; Has a best dust loading, causes its maximum explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise speed maximizing.

对于一般工业粉尘铝粉来说，点火延迟时间对其最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率的影响十分明显；其最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率随着粉尘粒度的减小而增加：且增加趋势明显；存在一个最佳粉尘浓度，使其最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率达到最大值。

The instruments used ATmega16L onboard A / D converter channels to achieve the cold wind pressure, the hot blast pressure, the furnace top pressure and cold wind current capacity four way analog acquisition;used PWM waveform produced by ATmega16L internal timing / Counter to achieve the entire differential pressure ,the cold wind flow and the permeability index three-way analog output for recording instruments; realized the cold wind pressure, the hot blast pressure, the furnace top pressure, the cold wind current capacity and the entire differential pressure five group parameter tour demonstration and the fixed-point demonstration by key-elect key's coordination during demonstration blast furnace permeable index; produced acousto-optics alarm when the permeable index across the upper and lower limits;used RS-485 realizing the communication with the superior computer.

仪表利用ATmega16L自带的A/D转换通道实现对冷风压力、热风压力、炉顶压力及冷风流量四路模拟信号的采集；通过ATmega16L内部的定时/计数器产生的PWM波形来实现对全压差、冷风流量及透气性指数三路模拟量输出供记录仪表使用；通过键选键的配合在显示高炉透气性指数的同时实现冷风压力、热风压力、炉顶压力、冷风流量及全压差五路参数的巡回显示与定点显示；当高炉透气性指数越上、下限时，仪表产生声光报警信号；仪表采用RS-485与上位机实现通信。

Integrated with the calculation methods of soil pressure, the mechanism of soil pressure of fale is studied systematically and detailedly based on the mode of axial stress distribution of wholly grouted anchor.

在全长粘结式锚杆拉力分布模型基础之上，结合本文的土钉土压力计算方法，本文对面层土压力机理进行了系统详细的研究，提出了面层局部土压力、面层土压力及土钉最大拉力的计算公式和分布模型，理论分析和实例分析表明，本文提出的轴力分布模型和面层土压力机理是合理的，解决了面层土压力取值标准问题，为面层设计提供了定量的依掘，土钉最大拉力可直接用于土钉长度设计。

The latest inroads in research on dynamic garment pressure distribution are also introduced.In addition,existing problems in studying on pressure comfort of foundation garment is pointed out,...

介绍了整形内衣压力舒适性研究的理论基础、影响压力舒适性的因素、压力舒适性评价的2种方法：主观评价法和客观评价法，并对动态服装压力分布研究的最新进展做了介绍，同时指出整形内衣压力舒适性研究中存在的问题，并对整形内衣压力舒适性的研究提出了新的设想。

The theoretical basis on pressure comfort of foundation garment, the factors influencing pressure comfort, and two methods for evaluating pressure comfort of foundation garment (subjective evaluating, objective evaluating) are described.

介绍了整形内衣压力舒适性研究的理论基础、影响压力舒适性的因素、压力舒适性评价的2种方法：主观评价法和客观评价法，并对动态服装压力分布研究的最新进展做了介绍，同时指出整形内衣压力舒适性研究中存在的问题，并对整形内衣压力舒适性的研究提出了新的设想。

At valve repair, import relief valve repair complex; import relief valve, control valves are used the body parts of the opening gate to regulate the flow of medium, medium pressure to lower pressure after the valve simultaneously with the role of regulation headstock of the opening piece, so that after the pressure valve to maintain at a certain range, the inlet pressure at the ever-changing circumstances, to maintain outlet pressure at setting the framework of the back to protect its pipelines, equipment, pressure, temperature stability ..................

在阀门维修中进口减压阀维修比较复杂；进口减压阀是采用控制阀体内的启闭件的开度来调节介质的流量，将介质的压力降低，同时借助阀后压力的作用调节启闭件的开度，使阀后压力保持在一定范围内，在进口压力不断变化的情况下，保持出口压力在设定的范围内，保护其后面管道、设备的压力、温度的稳定

The results show that the interplanar crystal spacing and lattice index of Al-rich α phase reduce gradually with increasing pressure. When the pressure reaches from common pressure to 5 GPa , Al-rich α phase lies on the (200) and (220) crystal faces, the interplanar crystal spacing are reduced by 1.07% and 1.15%. From common pressure to 3 GPa , the microstructure of ZA27 alloy changes from thick dendrites to fine dendrites, and finally to granular. According to the effect of solute diffusion coefficient under super high pressure and the calculation of Scherrer formula, it can be seen that the crystal organization is fine within the bounds of certain pressure. This conclusion is consistent with the experiment results.

结果表明：随着压力的增加，晶面间距和晶格常数都逐渐减小，当压力达到5 GPa时，富铝α相在(200)与(220)晶面处，晶面间距较常压力时的分别减小1.07%和1.15%；在常压至3 GPa范围内，晶粒由粗大的树枝晶→细小的树枝晶→粒状、椭球状枝晶转变的趋势，通过压力对合金凝固溶质扩散系数的影响结合Scherrer公式计算分析其组织变化原因，得出在一定的压力范围内，随着压力的增大，晶粒尺寸逐渐变小，这一结论与实验结果相符。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

Based on the principle of variation of earth pressures on the culverts under different conditions, including topography, span of culvert, density of fill and the type of structure, and the property of arching action above the culvert, a nonlinear earth pressure theory for culverts beneath high fill is presented, the theory suggests the earth pressure on the culverts beneath high fill can be calculated with the formula σ=ξγH〓 as the fill up to higher height.

把这种方法与其它地下洞室的土压力计算理论进行的对比分析结果表明，非线性土压力理论考虑了填土达到一定高度时在涵洞上方产生的拱效应以及土拱的不稳定性特点，其计算的土压力明显低于不考虑拱效应的低填方涵洞土压力计算值，但高于具有稳定土拱效应的地下洞室土压力理论得到的土压力。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。