压力

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

After an analysis of the mechanisms of the effects of pressures on OMM, it is denoted that when the increase of ＂pressure＂ on the samples is the increase of effective stress, the stress acts directly on solid OM and the maturating rate will be accelerated.

综合分析结果表明，当压力的增加表现为沉积有机质受到的有效应力增加时可以促进有机质生烃；当压力的增加表现为孔隙流体压力增加时，有机质生烃过程将受到抑制；另外，这两种情况都可能使干酪根的镜质组反射率降低，易使人得出压力增加抑制有机质演化的结论。

The result shows that when in-place oil with its viscosity higher than 1.0mPa·s percolates through reservoir rocks with permeability less than 1×10~-3 μm~2, both have start-up pressure gradient, and it increases with the decrease of rock permeability and increase of crude oil viscosity, as oil wettability of the rocks increas...

结果表明，粘度大于1·0mPa·s的地层油通过渗透率小于1×10-3μm2的地层岩石渗流时，均具有启动压力梯度，且启动压力梯度随岩石渗透率的减小和原油粘度的上升而增大；岩石的亲油性增强，启动压力梯度增大；含有束缚水的岩样的启动压力梯度大于不含有束缚水的岩样。

The data from stress box indicate that the observed values usually are smaller than the theoretical ones, and the relationship between the vertical or lateral stress and the fill soil thickness can be described in a power function curve: a- a hb. The fact that the soil stress is bigger in the portion adjacent to the central part of gully and becomes smaller in the portion close to the side illustrates that the gully has an apparent unburdening effect. From the monitoring results of the settlement deformation during and after constructingperiod, the study conducts statistical system analysis and evaluation on the change of settlement with time.

根据压力盒测试结果表明，测量值往往比实际的理论计算值小，填土的竖向和侧向土压力与填土厚度可以用幂次型曲线表示：σ=ah~b愈向沟谷中心部位，土压力值愈小，愈向沟谷边缘，土压力数值越大，说明沟谷边坡具有明显的卸荷作用；根据施工期和工后期的沉降变形监测数据，对路堤内各测点的竖向沉降随时间的变化规律进行了数理统计系统分析和总结，工后期路面沉降和时间关系可用对数曲线表示：S=aln+b，并根据此沉降规律对高填方加筋土路堤的工后沉降进行了预测。

The data from stress box indicate that the observed values usually are smaller than the theoretical ones, and the relationship between the vertical or lateral stress and the fill soil thickness can be described in a power function curve: cr= ahb. The fact that the soil stress is bigger in the portion adjacent to the central part of gully and becomes smaller in the portion close to the side illustrates that the gully has an apparent unburdening effect. From the monitoring results of the settlement deformation during and after constructingperiod, the study conducts statistical system analysis and evaluation on the change of settlement with time.

根据压力盒测试结果表明，测量值往往比实际的理论计算值小，填土的竖向和侧向土压力与填土厚度可以用幂次型曲线表示：σ=αh~b，愈向沟谷中心部位，土压力值愈小，愈向沟谷边缘，土压力数值越大，说明沟谷边坡具有明显的卸荷作用；根据施工期和工后期的沉降变形监测数据，对路堤内各测点的竖向沉降随时间的变化规律进行了数理统计系统分析和总结，工后期路面沉降和时间关系可用对数曲线表示：S=aln+b，并根据此沉降规律对高填方加筋土路堤的工后沉降进行了预测。

Effects of pressure on these two absorption bands are quite different and the emission intensity may change with pressure in a different way for excitation at different band.

在压力作用下，这两个吸收带表现出不同的压力效应，并且在不同的压力下分别激发这两个吸收带时，所得到的荧光发射效率随压力的变化趋势表现出明显的不同。

When the injection pressure is about 0.1MPa, the air flow through the injector becomes critical, so if the swirl level variation reaches the required range, the pressure should be kept as low as possible.

空气射束的喷射压力越大，涡流比的变化范围也越大。而当喷射压力达到0.1MPa左右时，空气在喷嘴内的流动已接近临界状态。因此，射束喷射压力不宜过高，在满足涡流变化要求的前提下，喷射压力应尽量低一些。

For the stability of the flow metering pumps, metering pump flow rate, as some big changes with pressure, you can set the exit of metering pump back-pressure valve, so that the output of metering pump flow rate stability, and then usually selected back-pressure valve The Reducing Valves pressure of the actual use of a metering pump metering pump pressure or slightly less than the use of pressure.

用于稳定计量泵的流量，如某些计量泵的流量随压力变化较大，可在计量泵的出口处设置背压阀，使计量泵的输出流量稳定，这时一般选择背压阀的压力为计量泵的实际使用压力或略小于计量泵的使用压力。

The idea that the casing shoe resistance and the crushing strength of the LCM must be considered when design the density of the drilling fluids is presented. It holds that the surface pressure should be junior to the crushing strength of LCM, in order to prevent the formed bridge plug from crushing.

提出设计井内堵漏钻井液密度时，必须同时考虑套鞋处破漏压力和桥接材料的抗压强度对井内压力的限制；认为提高压力敏感性裂缝地层承压能力的堵漏作业时，井口压力应不超过桥接材料的抗压强度，以保证裂缝内已形成的堵塞隔墙不被破坏。

Media Help Everyday we are exposed to the steam often divided into two, one, the boiler steam - saturated steam 2, thermal power plants out of steam - superheated steam 1, a relatively stable temperature and pressure saturated steam, temperature lower than 250 ℃, working pressure lower than 1.6Mpa 2, superheated steam temperature and pressure changes of a high base temperature up to 400 ℃, working pressure is lower than 4.0Mpa For the first steam, we usually use soft sealing steam solenoid valve as follows: Structural characteristics This valve is a valve and Balance valves main valve by the two vice components with the second open valve Pilot solenoid valve Heat: electromagnetic part, some with special high temperature seals and sealing materials, electrical materials, and apply a variety of insulation measures Wear: selection and reasonable Globe Valves guidance suite valve cup and clever use of fluid lubrication, reduce wear, increase life expectancy Resistance to condensation: condensation of steam pipeline valve on the steam water is an important factor in action, the valve will not affect the condensation water Other uses - soft sealing steam solenoid valve This series solenoid valve can Safety valves be widely used in textile, printing, chemicals, plastics, rubber, pharmaceutical, food, building materials, machinery, electronics, surface treatment and research sectors and bathroom, dining room, air conditioning automatic control system.

介质说明日常生活中我们接触到的蒸汽常分为两种，1、锅炉蒸汽-饱和蒸汽 2、热电厂出来的蒸汽-过热蒸汽 1、饱和蒸汽温度压力相对稳定，电动阀门执行器温度低于250℃，工作压力低于1.6Mpa 2、过热蒸汽温度压力变化基数较大温度最高可达400℃以上，工作压力则低于4.0Mpa 对于第一种蒸汽，我们通常会选用氧气专用阀、铜阀门软密封的蒸汽电磁阀如下：结构特点本阀是由副阀和主阀两大部件构成的先导式二次开阀的电磁阀耐热：电磁部分、密封件部分用特种耐高温电工材料和密封材料，并应用了各种隔热措施耐磨：选材合理，电站阀门阀杯和导向套间巧妙地利用流体的润滑作用，减少磨损，提高寿命耐冷凝：蒸汽管道的冷凝水是影响蒸汽电磁阀动作的重要因素，本阀则不受冷凝水影响其他用途-软密封蒸汽电磁阀本系列电磁阀还可广泛地应用平衡阀纺织、印刷、化工、塑料、橡胶、制药、食品、建材、机械、电器、表面处理和科研部门以及浴室、食堂、空调等自控系统。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。