压力

B confined body of steam for exerting pressure 蒸气压力: They kept up a good head of steam.

他们把蒸气压力保持在所需的水平上。

On the basis of dual porosity theory,the well test interpretation model which considers the variation of krg versus the volume of liquid is also established and resolved by the implicit method numerically.

摘要通过分析凝析气藏的相图，建立了凝析液饱和度随压力降的变化规律，并回归得出了相应的公式；同时通过对气体压缩因子、黏度随压力、温度的变化，建立了这些参数和无因次压力的关系；在双重介质地层假设的基础上，建立了在试井过程中凝析气相对渗透率随凝析液饱和度变化的凝析气藏试井解释数学模型，采用隐式迭代的方法进行了求解并进行了参数敏感性分析；结果表明：凝析液的饱和度对凝析气藏试井的压力及压力导数曲线有着很大的影响，早期由于凝析液的析出，阻碍了气藏的流动，导致压力及压力导数曲线上升；在凝析液饱和度达到峰值之后，随着凝析液的挥发，凝析气的相对渗透率逐渐恢复，压力及压力导数曲线又回归到正常的径向流位置；由于裂缝和基岩之间的压力差，使得裂缝弹性储容比在测试过程中发生变化，进而影响了压力及压力导数；窜流系数和裂缝弹性储容比的变化决定了窜流段发生的早晚和程度；而基岩中气体黏度的变化使得窜流的发生稍微滞后。

The study shows that the pressure transient curve of fractured wells in closed circular formation can be divided into six different flow regimes. In condition of the same fracture opening width and fracture length, compared to rectangular fracture, the pressure drop with tapered fracture is bigger, and the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are higher. In condition of the same fracture opening permeability, compared to linear declining and constant conductivity fractures, the pressure drop with exponential declining conductivity fracture is the biggest, and the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are the highest.

研究结果表明：圆形封闭地层压裂井的压力动态曲线可以划分为6个流动阶段；在相同裂缝开口宽度和相同裂缝长度的条件下，与矩形裂缝相比，楔形裂缝压力消耗大，表现为无因次压力及压力导数曲线越高；在相同裂缝开口渗透率的条件下，与导流能力呈线性降低的裂缝以及常导流能力裂缝相比，导流能力呈幂指数降低的裂缝压力消耗最大，表现为无因次压力及压力导数曲线最高。

The fruits of research in the thesis as follow:(1) The principle of variation of earth pressures on the culverts beneath the high fills are investigated in the thesis.

论文通过模型试验和数值模拟计算，研究了狭窄沟谷地形、宽坦沟谷地形、岸坡设涵和坡脚设涵四种边界条件下的高填方涵洞土压力随填土高度变化的规律，研究结果表明，在各种边界条件下，高填方涵洞涵顶土压力变化规律相似，当填土达到一定高度后，仍有部分土压力传递到涵顶上，使高填方涵洞的土压力不随填土高度成线性增加，土压力呈非线性变化，高填方涵洞的土压力明显低于理论土压力σ=γH计算值。

The paper is based on the theory of inter-function between water and rock, and losing energy in rock mass, brought forward that the water flow has head loss during water flow intruding through the coal seam effective water-resisting layer and energy waste concept for splitting rock mass, and analyzed the form of the remaining water pressure. Through the simulation experiment in the preventing water capability of water-resisting rocks in the coal seam scaleboard, studied the law, character of the losing in water head waste and the relation to pressure, water-resisting of hydrogeology and engineering geology character. Brought forward the new method of calculating the water inrush coefficient.

通过理论分析和实验研究，本文得出以下结论：高承压水在沿煤层底板隔水层导升过程中存在着明显的压力水头损失；同一地层条件下，煤层底板承压水水头压力越大其导升过程中的水头压力损耗就越大；同一水头压力条件下，地层的渗透性越差其阻水能力越强，水流导升过程中的水头压力损耗也越大；在同一介质中，当初始水头压力不同时，水流在导升过程中水头压力的衰减不同，在同一隔水介质中底板含水层水头压力越大其沿隔水层导升过程中的水头损耗也就越大，水头损耗随底板隔水层水头压力增加而呈递增趋势，另外它们相应的水头衰减速率也呈递增趋势，煤层底板隔

The most heavy flow ability of barrage swirl is controlled by fastenning device and barrage size, the most heavy discharge is more when barrage aperture is bigger, the influence of barrage position on discharge is not obvious; The pressure of the end of the shaft and fastenning device increases which aroused by barrage, and there is a restraining action to flow waving of the shaft; The barrage aperture is smaller, the increase of pressure is heavier, the influence of position to the increase of pressure is not obvious; The positive pressure of the level section in the hole between fastenning device and barrage increases obviously, the change of press along length reduces, mural press in the hydrosphere separating area of outlet of fastenning device becomes positive pressure, which is propitious to the increase of flow cavitate number in the low pressure area of the outlet of fastenning device; The influence of change of swirl cavum diameter caused by barrage to ventilating state is obvious.

阻塞旋流最大泄流能力由起旋器及阻塞体型共同控制，降低了泄洪洞的泄流量，孔径大的阻塞最大下泄流量较大，阻塞位置对泄流量的影响不明显；阻塞引起竖井及起旋器端头压力增大，对竖井部分的水流波动具有抑制作用；阻塞孔径越小，压力增加越大，位置对压力增大影响不明显；起旋器与阻塞之间水平洞段的止压力明显增加，沿程压力变化减小，起旋器出口的水气分离区壁面压力变为正压力，有利于起旋器出口低压区水流空化数的提高；阻塞引起的旋流空腔直径变化对通气状态产生明显影响。

In pressure of influence underbalanced drilling,such as drilling fluid column pressure,annulus pressure,underbalance pressure,wellhead back pressure and formation pressure etc.,the formation pressure is basic pressure.Because all pressure calculations are built on the basic pressure.

认为在影响欠平衡钻井的钻井液静液柱压力、环空压耗、欠压值、井口回压、地层压力中，地层压力是首先要搞清楚的最基础的压力，最好先求出地层压力而不必急于进行欠平衡钻进，因为一切欠平衡的压力计算都是建立在这个基础压力之上的；再根据地层压力确定合理的欠压值，确定所用的钻井液密度。

When entering the diaphragm pressure on the top of the control room to the atmosphere or water by the downstream area of low pressure, the role of the bottom plate in the valve and the pressure below the diaphragm on the pressure value is greater than the top, so the main valve disc to the fully open position; when entering the diaphragm pressure above the control room can not water the lower reaches of the atmosphere or area of low pressure, the role of the diaphragm on the top of the pressure value is greater than the pressure below the value, so will the main valve pressure valve set to fully closed position; when the diaphragm pressure above the value of the control room at the entrance of the middle pressure and outlet pressure, the main valve in the regulator valve on the disk, and its regulation depends on the location of the needle-catheter system and adjustable valve guide of the role of joint control.

当阀门进入隔膜上方控制室内的压力水被排到大气或下游低压区时，作用在阀盘底部和隔膜下方的压力值就大于上方的压力值，所以将主阀阀盘推到完全开启的位置；当进入隔膜上方控制室内的压力水不能排到大气或下游低压区时，作用在隔膜上方的压力值就大于下方的压力值，所以就会把主阀阀盘压到完全关闭的位置；当隔膜上方控制室内的压力值处于入口压力与出口压力中间时，主阀阀盘就处于调节状态，其调节位置取决于导管系统中的针阀和可调导阀的联合控制作用。

When entering the diaphragm pressure on the top of the control room to the atmosphere or water by the downstream area of low pressure, the role of the bottom plate in the valve and the pressure below the diaphragm on the pressure value is greater than the top, so the main valve disc to the fully open position; when entering the diaphragm pressure above the control room can not water the lower reaches of the atmosphere or area of low pressure, the role of the diaphragm on the top of the pressure value is greater than the pressure below the value, so will the main valve pressure valve set to fully closed position; when the diaphragm pressure above the value of the control room at the entrance of the middle pressure and outlet pressure, the main valve in the regulator valve on the disk, and its regulation depends on the location of the needle-catheter system and adjustable valve guide of the role of joint control.

当进入隔膜上方控制室内的压力水被排到大气或下游低压区时，作用在阀盘底部和隔膜下方的压力值就大于上方的压力值，所以将主阀阀盘推到完全开启的位置；当进入隔膜上方控制室内的压力水不能排到大气或下游低压区时，作用在隔膜上方的压力值就大于下方的压力值，所以就会把主阀阀盘压到完全关闭的位置；当隔膜上方控制室内的压力值处于入口压力与出口压力中间时，主阀阀盘就处于调节状态，其调节位置取决于导管系统中的针阀和可调导阀的联合控制作用。

Paw... airway pressure 气道压力...tachypnoea monit.

SVI显著降低，气道压力正常，CCI正常或偏低，。。。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。