压下的

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In chapter 5, the concept of zero-span tension known in papermaking area is for the first time introduce to wood science area to explore in-tree variation of longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids and its main influencing factors. In chapter 6, composite micromechanics and classic laminated theory are used to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the main influencing factors of mechanical properties of tracheids cell wall. Some experimental results acquired in the foregoing chapters are explained successfully. Results were summarized as follows: Mechanical characteristics of wood at micron scale: 1 At micron scale, the longitudinal mechanicai behavior of wood microtome section differs greatly from that of wood with normal size.

论文的第2章首先研究了微米尺度下木材的力学特性，为后面运用木材微切片拉伸技术奠定一定的理论基础；在第3章，首次考虑到了微米尺度下木材力学性质的尺寸效应，并运用木材微切片正常间距拉伸技术研究了管胞纵向弹性模量的株内变异规律；在第4章，首次利用纳米压痕技术中最新发展起来的连续刚度测量法直接在管胞细胞壁上进行纳米级的压痕实验，测量次生壁S〓层的纵横向弹性模量和硬度，从而把细胞壁力学的研究提高到一个更高的水平；在第5章，首次把造纸领域的零距拉伸技术引入木材科学研究领域，研究了管胞纵向抗拉强度的株内变异规律及其主要影响因素；第6章则运用复合材料细观力学的基本理论和经典层板理论对影响细胞壁力学性能的主要因素进行了全面而系统的分析，并为前几章的一些实验结果提供理论上的解释。

Based on the variational principle of virtual voltage and virtual displacement derived in this thesis and the classical theory of linear laminated plates, and by using the constitutive equations of elastic piezoelectric materials, and the DKQ quadrilateral plate bending element, the finite element modeling for the fabric reinforced laminated plates with nonlinear voltage-electric strain relationship of piezoelectric actuators has been established for the first time in this thesis. And the expressions for the electric loadings with obvious mechanical meaning and convenient for computation are established, which can be used to the deformation analysis of laminated plates with piezoelectric actuators under specified voltages.

以本文直接导出的压电结构的虚电势—虚位移变分原理为基础，依据经典线性层合板理论和压电弹性体的本构方程，采用基于离散法线假设的DKQ四结点任意四边形薄板弯曲单元，首次建立了考虑非线性电压—电应变关系的含压电致动器的纤维增强型层合板的有限元分析模型，并推导建立了力学意义明确、便于计算的电荷载表达式，可用于指定电压条件下纤维增强型叠层合成板的变形分析。

Various mechanisms have been suggested for the nature of root pressure.

在植物弱蒸腾情况下，木质部的水分处于正压状态，这种压力叫根压。

Continuous beam models with spring supports were set up to model end-plate connections. By comparing the results from tests with those from model analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: during loading process, the neutral axis moves from the centroid axis to compression zone, not exceeding the center line of bolts inside the compression flange; ultimately, the tension flange and end-plate can be simplified as T-stub on the assumption that the axial forces of bolts in tension zone are equal to each other.

理论计算系建立带弹性支座的连续梁模型模拟端板连接，将模型计算结果与试验结果比较分析，结果表明：加载过程中，螺栓群中和轴逐渐从其形心轴向受压区移动，但不超过受压翼缘内侧螺栓中心线；极限状态下，受拉翼缘和端板可简化为等效T型件。

Prehypertensive subjects versus normotensive subjects had significantly higher body mass index and subscapular skinfold, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and triglycerides beginning in childhood; higher glucose in adolescence; and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance index in adulthood. Hypertensive subjects versus normotensive subjects had higher adiposity measures, SBP and DBP, glucose, and triglycerides beginning in childhood; higher insulin and insulin resistant index in childhood and adulthood; and lower high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol in adulthood.

与正常血压者相比，高血压前期者其幼年期基础体重指数、肩胛下皮肤皱褶厚度、收缩压和舒张压、甘油三脂等指标更高；在青春期血糖水平更高；在成年期低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数更高；与正常血压者相比，高血压者在幼年时基础水平的肥胖积分、SBP 和DBP、血糖、甘油三脂等更高；在幼年期和成年期胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数水平均更高；在成年期高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平更低。

In order to optimize the technology of press and lower the production cost,a two-stage floating elastic pressing structure at the anvil swage of the second punching die was adopted.

为优化冲压工艺，降低生产成本，第2副冲模采用了下模部分二级浮动弹压的结构，成功实现局部胀拉和翻边工艺以及压凸、弯曲、整形多道工序一次成形。

The suitable buried depths of tensiometers used for drip irrigation scheduling of tomato should be determined based on the buried depth of drip tape. The experiments recommended that one tensiometer should be installed just below a drip tape at depth of 30, 50 and 70 cm for the lateral depth of 0, 15 and 30 cm, respectively.

建议采用负压计制定灌溉计划时在毛管所在垂直剖面上安装1支即可，该研究条件下，毛管埋深0、15和30 cm时，用于制定灌溉计划的负压计宜分别埋置在毛管所在剖面上30、50和70 cm深度。

The results show that the porosity of the membrane prepared by ScCO_2 induced phase separation is higher than that prepared by conventional method;the membrane structures are significantly influenced by the process parameters;compared with the conventional immersion precipitation phase inversion,ScCO_2 induced phase separation process can effectively avoid the formation of macrovoids at suitable operating conditions;during depressurization process,the great differences in the effect of depressurization time on membranes structure for various polymer materials result from that the speed of CO_2 gaseous nuclei escaping from membrane substrate can not keep the pace with the outer depressurization rate.(2) The tendency that the interaction parameters affect the binodal curve position is illustrated by changing the interaction parameters in reasonable ranges.

研究结果表明：与传统方法相比，采用ScCO_2诱导相转化法可获得更高的膜孔隙率；通过改变操作参数可对膜的结构进行调控，且操作参数对膜结构的影响与铸膜体系的自身性质也紧密相关；在适宜的操作条件下，ScCO_2诱导相转化法能有效避免采用传统的浸入沉淀相转化法制膜时易出现的大空腔结构；泄压过程中CO_2气核从聚合物膜基体中逃逸的速度能否与膜基体外部的泄压速度保持同步，是泄压时间对不同材质膜结构影响截然不同的根源所在。

With the compressional stress increasing,the dip-slip motion in listric fault system could successively generate reverse-"fish-fork-shaped" structure,hanging wall interpenetration thrust,footwall shortcut thrust,"backward broken" footwall shortcut thrust imbricated fan,"backward broken interpenetration" thrust,.

随着压应力递增，铲式断层系统中的倾向滑动可渐次形成反转-&鱼叉&状构造、上盘交截冲断层、下盘捷径冲断层、&向后破裂&下盘捷径冲断层叠瓦扇、&向后破裂交截&冲断层、向前破裂后冲断层叠瓦扇、后冲断层与下盘捷径冲断层扇形构造和脊部塌陷&上突&构造等。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。