压下的

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

Results show that glass fiber cloth laminate exhibited improved mechanical properties, which can be maintained even at high temperature of 150℃, with respect to conventional phenolic laminate.

结果表明，玻璃纤维布层压板的力学性能比普通酚醛树脂层压板有明显提高，在大于150℃高温下其性能仍能较好保持。

At the same time combined with indoor maximum dry density test,this paper discusses the possibility that rock-filling construction quantity .Then data of densification quantity examination under the condition ofdifferent filling material.densification machinery.densification parameter and lay-down thickness are collected as the analytic object. On the basis of making a statistical analysis of experiment data ,supervisory standard and assessment method of settlement difference and settlement ratio that adopted to examine rock-filling embankment construction quantity are put forward systematically At last carrying on settlement observation tests of rock-filling embankment in different construction stage in different layer ,the dependability of assessment method is validated.

同时结合室内最大干密度试验，讨论了表面沉降法作为填石路基施工质量检测手段的可行性和可靠性；然后通过汇总不同填料、不同压实机械、不同压实参数和不同摊铺厚度条件下的压实质量检测数据作为分析对象，在对试验数据进行了统计分析的基础上，较为系统地提出了以沉降沉降差及沉降率作为填石路基施工质量检测指标的评定方法和相应的管理标准值；最后通过对填石路基试验段进行不同填筑时期不同层位的沉降观测试验，验证了评定方法的可靠性。

This paper simplified process of spinning head according to elastic-plastic macro deforming finite element theory. The FEM software MARC is used to simulate the forming processing of thick wall head in drffereut teixiperature conditions in warm spinning.

文中，以弹塑性大变形有限元理论为基础，对封头温旋压成形过程做出合理简化，建立分析模型，利用非线性有限元分析软件MARC对不同温度状态下的厚壁封头温旋压成形过程进行了数值模拟。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

The anode structure of CI-LIGBT is optimized by numerical simulation, and it is pointed out that segmented p〓 anode region surrounded by n〓 anode region is the key to improve the ability of current limiting, and the more deeper the n〓 anode junction relative to the p〓 anode junction, the more powerful the ability of current limiting is. The affection of the breakdown voltage BV〓 of the reverse biased p〓n〓 junction and the sample resistance upon the latching current, the latching voltage and the on-state voltage have been studied, and it is indicated that the tradeoff between the on-state voltage and the latching characteristics is the excellentest when BV〓 is 1. 1V so that its on-state voltage can be just only 0.6V higher than conventional LIGBT. It is also found that this device is especially suit to high temperature environment. Based on X. B. Chen's surface voltage sustaining structure using optimized variational lateral doping and Ludikhuize's multiple floating rings structure, high voltage LIGBT and is studied in this paper.

通过数值模拟，优化了CI-LIGBT的阳极区结构，指出采用被n〓阳极区包围的单元状p〓阳极区是提高该器件限流能力的关键，而n〓阳极区结深相对p〓阳极区结深越大，器件的限流能力越强；分析了反偏p〓n〓结击穿电压BV〓和取样电阻对器件闩锁电压、闩锁电流和导通压降的影响，得出BV〓在1.1V时器件导通压降和抗闩锁能力间的折衷关系最优，其导通压降仅比普通LIGBT高0.6V；分析了温度对LIGBT闩锁性能的影响，表明CI-LIGBT即使在450K的高温下也不会闩锁，尤其适用于高温工作环境。

This paper presents the main results of the research on the transition process of the diversion system at the Hongjiadu hydropower station in the presence or absence of the tailwater surge chamber.

对洪家渡水电站引水系统在设置尾水调压室和取消尾水调压室两种情况下的过渡过程进行了计算研究。

It introduces the target and aim of prestressing test,elaborates prestressing crafts of large bridge building machine,brings forward how to simulate prestressing pile on large bridge building machine in big bulk,so as to ensure the safety of construction and feasibility of the plan under inspection state.

介绍了预压试验的对象及其目的，简要叙述了造桥机在施工中的预压工艺，提出了如何在造桥机上进行大吨位预应力箱梁模拟预压的方法，从而保证检验施工状态下造桥机的施工安全及方案的可行性。

It's optimum to set it at the location around the third insulator from the conductor side. According to the experiments, the corona discharge often happens around the groove between the ball pin and the porcelain shell.

均压环可以有效的改善导线侧绝缘子的分布电压，经过对均压环的优化计算表明，在能保证放电间隙有足够闪络距离的条件下，均压环装在靠近导线侧第3片绝缘子上下的位置最佳。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。