压下

With the affects of tgravity, the valve clack and damper piston can get sealed immediately that steam and condensed water won't refluence to the boiler even in an atomosphere of low pressure.

如果锅炉没有关闭截止止回阀，则必须防止回流到锅炉上，阀瓣压铁和缓冲活塞，在重力的作用下，能够迅速实现密封，使得蒸汽和冷凝水即使在低压下也不会回流到锅炉里。

In view of practical problem during Sulige gas field development, this paper complete follow study content. Study material balance theory of two district compound gas reservoir. Carry out stress sensitivity experiment on matrix rock and labor created fracture core from Sulige gas field with America Core Company high pressure high temperature flow experimental instrument to study stress sensitivity change rule of different permeability matrix rock and created fracture core at the condition of time and again switch on and off well and different drawdown pressure. Carry out depletion experiment on matrix rock of different permeability serial combination with different kinds of allocation, using double core clamper serial connected experimental apparatus, to study gas well production performance of bi-zonal compound low permeability reservoir during low pressure production stage. At the basis of experimental study, establish single well simulation model to analyze development index infection caused by stress sensibility and production performance infection rule caused by inner formation and outer formation of bi-zonal compound gas reservoir permeability variation while considering stress sensitivity.

针对苏里格低渗气田开发中存在的实际问题，完成以下研究内容；研究了两区复合气藏物质平衡原理；利用美国岩芯公司高温高压流动实验仪，对取自苏里格气田基质岩芯和人工造缝岩芯进行应力敏感实验，研究不同渗透率基质岩芯和造缝岩芯在多次开关井和不同生产压差条件下的应力敏感变化规律；采用双岩芯夹持器串联实验装置，对不同渗透率串联组合的基质岩芯进行各种配产条件下的衰竭实验，研究两区复合的低渗储层气井在低压生产阶段的生产动态特征；在实验研究的基础上，建立单井模拟模型分析储层应力敏感性和非均质性对开发指标的影响，研究考虑应力敏感时两区复合气藏储层中内区和外区渗透率变化对开发动态的影响规律。

But when we mine commensuration groundwater, the falling velocity water level and range of the deep hydrous stratum are bigger than the shallow hydrous stratum. And the quantity of subsidence is not obvious different. 2. Analyzing the relation between the stratum of groundwater and land subsidence, with the depth of aquifer bed increased, the proportion that the released water because of compressibility of strata possessed become bigger, and it cause land subsidence more serious. 3. The physical and mechanical properties and the consolidation state of stratum do not become better with the depth increased.

依据： ①一般情况下，随深度增加，地层的压缩性会渐下；但是开采同量的地下水，其水位下降的速率及幅度深部含水组比浅部含水组要大的多，两者引起的沉降量不会有明显的差别；②从地下水开采资源组成与地面沉降关系分析，含水层深度越深，其中的压密释水量所占的比例也越大，造成的地面沉降也越严重；③地层的物理力学性质及固结状态，随深度的增加，也不完全是越来越好。

According to the requirement of industry control system,on the basis of comparativeness and analysis of their difference,a control algorism combining DO multi-mode control with intelligent multi-mode PID is put forward and will be verified by MATLAB simulation.

运用MATLAB仿真工具，对汽压调节对象仿真模型在不同的蒸汽负荷、不同燃油量和不同控制方式下的动、静态情况进行仿真比较，提出不同控制要求下的控制算法。

They consist of a coplanar wave-guide transmission line periodically loaded with 8 - 32 metal bridges, functioning as capacitive switches. Every switching element consists of a thin metallic membrane actuated by applied bias. Remarkable phase shifter performances were observed. 2 lAl0.96 Si0. 04 bridges MEMS Phase shifter reached to 372/3. 5mm under 20V bias at 35 GHz, the with an insertion loss (S21 of about 4 -7 dB...

该文介绍毫米波MEMS相移器的设计，研究低损耗衬底，Au，AlxSi1-x可动膜对下拉电压和传输损耗的影响，测试表明：21桥相位连续可调的分布式压控开关阵列一毫米波相移器在35GHz时，启动电压5V，20V时相移量达到372°/3.5 mm，并能在不同的控制电压下根据要求改变相移量。

In order to obtain the best synthesis temperature of cordierite by the method of direct sintering, samples were synthesized with pressed raw blocks respectively at controlled temperatures of 1310℃,1350℃ and 1400℃.

为了研究采用直接烧结法合成堇青石的最佳合成温度，对压成的生料块分别在最高合成温度为1300℃，1350℃，1400℃下进行合成，通过对比不同合成温度下得到的样品X射线衍射图，确定出采用直接烧结法合成堇青石的最佳合成温度。

As the sample of Yuanliangshan tunnel in Chongqing-Huaihua Railway, based on the full analysis of groundwater specimens, five chemical equations are designed to calculate evaluating data by the relation of activity, equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy. According to the two criterion of partial pressure of carbon dioxide and reaction direction, the result calculated shows the groundwater has weak corrasion to carbonate rocks, which should be avoided to do harm to tunnel.

以渝怀线圆梁山隧道为实例，通过隧道内地下水取样进行了全分析，其中CO(上标 2-下标 3)离子作为"中间过渡态"离子，由于只存在微小量未被检出；使用水质分析结果数据设计了五个化学反应方程式，通过活度、反应平衡常数及吉布斯自由能之间关系进行热力学计算，依据二氧化碳气体分压P(下标 CO2)与反应进行两个方向化学反应判据开展分析，结果表明地下水具有弱侵蚀性，在隧道工程中应避免其引起危害。

New ideas and methods in the paper:1 The formulas on perforated casing collapse strength were deducted, which offereda convenient method to analyze the relationship between casing collapse strength and perforation;2 The stress and displacement formulas on the system of casing, cement anddeformation under the non-uniform load were deducted, which offered the theoretical found for designing optimally casing string;3 The relationship between structure in-situ field of whole oil field and casing failurewere studied, which offered the scheme for the prediction of casing failure. The process of study in the paper:1 For simulating the relationship between the structure in-situ field and the casingfailure in the oil-deformation, the tests of the uniaxial tensile, compress, tnaxial compress and dilatability were made on the samples of the drill cores from deformation of casing failure position in Yuejing II oil field.

本文的主要创新： 1推导出了射孔套管抗挤强度的解析式，为分析射孔与套管强度的变化关系提供了简便的方法； 2推导出了非均匀地层载荷作用下套管、水泥环和地层组合体的应力和位移解析式，并非均匀作用下套管柱优化设计提供了理论依据； 3研究整个油田区块构造应力场与套管损坏关系，为预测套管损坏提供了可行方案；本文的研究过程如下： 1为模拟构造应力场与油层段套管损坏关系，做了大量的岩石单轴抗拉、单轴抗压、三轴试验以及岩石遇水膨胀试验，获得了研究区块岩石的弹性模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩擦角以及岩石的线膨胀系数，这此数据为本文研究油层段套管损坏机理研究的理论分析和有限元法提供了实验数据。

Results of experiment and theoretical analysis indicate that free water movement in wood under floating pressure consists of two parts, one is mass movement caused b capillary pressure, the other is the movement of water vapor produced by evaporation or ebullition of free water, and the latter dominates the moving process of free water.

试验结果和理论分析显示，在真空－浮压干燥过程中自由水的输运由两部分完成，一部分为毛细管压力下液体的团块迁移；另一部分为在压力梯度下，由于压力波动而引起自由水的蒸发或沸腾后所产生的水蒸气的迁移，且后者在自由水的迁移过程中占主导地位。

The principal of buffer is described as follows.At impulsing down,the piston moves down and vacates the annular space.The pressure in respiratory cavity decreases to a certain level and the traveling valve opens.At that time,the liquids enter into traveling valve and cavity and the plunger is impulsed upward to carry out the gentle transient at the sudden change.When the upward impulsing begins,the respiratory cavity is subjected to pressure and the traveling valve closes.During the gradual pressure rising,the liquids in respiratory cavity effuse from the upper ventage and the sudden change of force-summing direction of plunger is relieved relying on the resistance of ventage.

其原理大致是：下冲程时，活塞向下运动，让出环形空间的体积，呼吸腔内压力下降，下降到一定水平后，游动阀打开，此时，游动阀和小孔同时进液，使柱塞在从上死点处突然改变方向向上运动时得到缓冲，实现了柔和过渡；当上冲程开始时，呼吸腔受压，游动阀关闭，在压力逐渐上升的过程中，呼吸腔内的液体从上部的小孔流出，并依靠小孔的阻力使柱塞受力突然换向得到缓冲。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。