压下

As a result, atmospheric decomposition of natural gas hydrate under different temperatures (from -5 ℃ to -25 ℃) is studied through forming natural gas hydrate by using the solution of 300 mg/L sodium codicil sulfate and hydrate reactor with the compaction function is designed and made in which atmospheric decomposition under different temperatures （-10 ℃,-15 ℃ and -20 ℃） is studied after compacted at 10 MPa.

为此，用300 mg/L的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液生成天然气水合物，试验研究天然气水合物在不同温度（-5~-25 ℃）下的常压分解；设计制造了带压实功能的水合物反应釜，试验研究用10 MPa压力对水合物进行压实后在不同温度（-10 ℃、-15 ℃和-20 ℃）下的常压分解。

The results show that influence of content of kraft fiber on compressure-resilience and tribology properties was inapparent, however the compressure rate and resilient rate were increased when pressure was increased, and friction coefficient was decreased to some extent when pressure and rotate speed were increased.

在相同比压和转速条件下，纸浆纤维含量对纸基摩擦材料动摩擦系数的影响不明显，但随着比压和转速的增加，纸基摩擦材料的摩擦系数降低，其中含有17.5%纸浆纤维的纸基材料在循环制动条件下的摩擦系数最稳定，磨损率最低。

The results show that when the porosity of sample was higher, compressure rate was higher and resilience rate was lower, however resilient rate of sample with higher porosity were increased notably when pressure was increased, and it tended to accord with of sample with lower porosity. The friction coefficient was higher when porosity of paper-based friction material was higher, and the friction coefficient tended to reduce and stabilize when braking pressure was increased. The friction coefficient of sample with high porosity tended to reduce and stabilize in continuous braking cycles.

结果表明：在相同载荷下，随着孔隙率增大，材料的压缩率增加而回弹率降低，随着载荷增加，高孔隙率材料的回弹率先明显增大，而后趋于稳定；在相同比压和转速下，孔隙率越高，材料的摩擦系数越大，随着比压增加，孔隙率高的材料摩擦系数逐渐降低，且不同孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐趋于一致；在连续循环制动时，高孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定。

It basically operates the main point as follows: The left hand holds the ticket, the palm is downward, the thumb is pinned in the middle of the left end of the front of the bank note, the forefinger and middle finger are on the back of the bank note, pinch the bank note together with thumb; Left hand the third finger naturally curly, pinch, get up bank note little finger stretch to bank note front push down bank note below the Left deviation; The middle finger of left hand is exerted oneself slightly, the bank note of tight card together with the third finger, little finger; The left hand forefinger is stretched, the thumb is moved upwards, pin the side of the bank note, keep the bank note into the tile shape; Left hand wipe from tabletop bank note, bank note turn, thumb strength wiped from tabletop to borrow prop up bank note covering of a fan and oblique to oneself of WeiKai Cheng; Three fingers of right hand dip in water, rotate and move the lower right corner of the bank note downwards sharp with the thumb, the forefinger cooperates with the thumb to rotate and move on the back of the bank note; Play in one's arms, count while ordering with right hand the third finger bank note got up to rotate; Pay attention to the posture at the some paper money, the health is straight and upright, the eyes It must keep eyeball and bank note from,put dual tactics elbow at tabletop.

其基本操作要领如下：左手持票，手心向下，拇指按住钞票正面的左端中央，食指和中指在钞票背面，与拇指一起捏住钞票；左手无名指自然卷曲，捏起钞票后小拇指伸向钞票正面压住钞票左下方；左手中指稍用力，与无名指、小拇指一起紧卡钞票；左手食指伸直，拇指向上移动，按住钞票的侧面，将钞票压成瓦形；左手将钞票从桌面上擦过，钞票翻转，拇指借从桌面上擦过的力量将钞票撑成微开的扇面并斜对自己面前；右手三个指头沾水，用拇指尖向下捻动钞票右下角，食指在钞票背面配合拇指捻动；用右手无名指将捻起的钞票往怀里弹，边点边记数；点钞时注意姿式，身体挺直，眼睛和钞票保持一定距离，两手肘部放在桌面上。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

Crack growth direction of V-notch column sample under tensile-pressural loading was found by means of simulating the crack growth path side by side analyzing the distribution of Von Minses equivalent stress of the V-notch sample, the result shows crack growth direction of the sample under tensile-pressural loading is diametral direction of circle where the V-notch lies.

通过边分析试样的Von Minses等效应力分布，边模拟裂纹扩展方向的方法对拉压载荷下V型切口试样的裂纹扩展方向进行了模拟，结果显示V型切口试样在拉压状态下的裂纹扩展方向为棒料V型切口处圆周的直径方向。

Based on the hydraulic model test of Pudong north road pumping station in Shanghai, the hydraulic characteristics of the forebay were studied in the conditions of no diversion, the set-up of water-depressed plate and the set-ups of water-depressed plate and guide piers . Also, the hydraulic characteristic of the siphon outlet piping was studied.

本文结合上海市浦东北路泵站水力模型试验研究课题，从城市排污泵站布置的特点出发，研究和分析了前池在改善流态无工程措施情况下、设置压水板措施和设置导流墩和压水板组合措施情况下前池的水力特性；虹吸式出水管在虹吸形成过程和虹吸破坏过程的水力特性。

The isopiestic molalities and water activities have been determined for the systems Li_2SO_4-H_2O and Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O at 273.15K in the ion strength ranges of 0.6063~ 1.7640 mol · kg~(-1),and 0.1069—0.6478 mol· kg~(-1) respectively and for the systems Li_2SO_4-H_2O, Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O and Li_2SO_4-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O at 298.15K in the ion strength ranges of 0.3577—5.6378 mol·kg~(-1), 0.1747—2.4497 mol·kg~(-1), 0.2394—5.5399 mol · kg~(-1) respectively by the isopiestic method using an improved equipment.

本论文利用改进的等压设备和实验方法测定了273.15K下纯盐水溶液Li_2SO_4和Li_2B_4O_7离子强度范围分别为0.6063～1.7640mol·kg~(-1，0.1069～0.6478mol·kg~(-1)以及298.15K下纯盐水溶液Li_2SO_4和Li_2B_4O_7离子强度范围分别为0.3577～5.6378mol·kg~(-1，0.1747～2.4497mol·kg~(-1)和Li_2SO_4-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O体系混合盐水溶液离子强度范围为0.2394～5.5399mol·kg~(-1的等压平衡浓度和水活度。

In chapter 5, the concept of zero-span tension known in papermaking area is for the first time introduce to wood science area to explore in-tree variation of longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids and its main influencing factors. In chapter 6, composite micromechanics and classic laminated theory are used to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the main influencing factors of mechanical properties of tracheids cell wall. Some experimental results acquired in the foregoing chapters are explained successfully. Results were summarized as follows: Mechanical characteristics of wood at micron scale: 1 At micron scale, the longitudinal mechanicai behavior of wood microtome section differs greatly from that of wood with normal size.

论文的第2章首先研究了微米尺度下木材的力学特性，为后面运用木材微切片拉伸技术奠定一定的理论基础；在第3章，首次考虑到了微米尺度下木材力学性质的尺寸效应，并运用木材微切片正常间距拉伸技术研究了管胞纵向弹性模量的株内变异规律；在第4章，首次利用纳米压痕技术中最新发展起来的连续刚度测量法直接在管胞细胞壁上进行纳米级的压痕实验，测量次生壁S〓层的纵横向弹性模量和硬度，从而把细胞壁力学的研究提高到一个更高的水平；在第5章，首次把造纸领域的零距拉伸技术引入木材科学研究领域，研究了管胞纵向抗拉强度的株内变异规律及其主要影响因素；第6章则运用复合材料细观力学的基本理论和经典层板理论对影响细胞壁力学性能的主要因素进行了全面而系统的分析，并为前几章的一些实验结果提供理论上的解释。

This paper examines the soil characteristic and liquefaction degree of hard shell seams at the subaqueous delta of the Yellow River. Four typical areas were chosen for measuring, testing and studying. The hard shell seam strength was measured by in-situ Proctor penetrometer. Undisturbed soil sample of 1 m long was excavated for laboratory soil property test. Sledge hammers were dropped down freely to hit the load board to simulate the wave force acted on the hard shell seam. The excess pore pressure and strength variation were observed. The liquefaction depth of the hard shell seams at four study areas under different wave storms were calculated by theory.

为揭示黄河口水下三角洲硬壳层的土性特征和风浪作用下的液化破坏状况，选择典型研究区，在现场利用普氏贯入仪测试硬壳层的强度特征，原位取1m原状样进行室内土工试验；利用重锤锤击荷载板的方式模拟波浪对硬壳层的动力作用，通过孔压探头和普氏贯入仪实时监测土体内孔压和振动前后强度的变化；通过理论计算研究硬壳层在不同风浪等级下的液化深度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。