压

In addition, some experience formulas for them are regressed. The third chapter establishes a unified S-N curve equation to calculate multi-axial fatigue ultimate strength of concrete considering both the effect of confinement and minimum/maximum stress ratio, based on the triaxial fatigue test data in this paper and the test results under uniaxial and biaxial fatigue loading in previous literatures. Moreover, the consistency of calculating condition fatigue ultimate strength with fatigue life distribution and initial ultimate strength distribution is analyzed.

第二章简要地介绍了本文三轴疲劳试验装置，进行了两向等侧压约束下混凝土立方体试件三轴受压等幅和变幅疲劳试验，分析了三轴受压疲劳破坏机理，给出了相应的疲劳破坏试验判断标准；得到了混凝土在两向侧压约束下单级和多级受压疲劳的变形发展规律，包括最大纵向应变、残余应变、最大纵向应变率和疲劳变形模量等随循环次数的发展规律以及疲劳损伤的演变规律，并给出了相应的经验公式。

With aid of techniques of analytical continuation and conformal mapping, exact solutions are obtained for three typical problems concerning Eshelby's inclusion. The three problems are1 interaction between an arbitrarily shaped Eshelby inclusion and a circular inhomogeneity in transversely isotropic piezoelectric medium; 2 interaction between an arbitraily shaped Eshelby inclusion and an interface in anisotropic piezoelectric medium, the interface in our investigation may be a perfect interface, or a frictionless slipping interface , or a compliant electrode layer is embedded along the full interface of the bimaterials; 3 interaction between an arbitraily shaped Eshelby inclusion and an elliptical hole in anisotropic piezoelectric medium.

通过采用解析延拓和共形映射技术，获得了压电复合材料中有关Eshelby夹杂三个典型问题的精确弹性解答，即横观各向同性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与圆柱异相夹杂间相互作用；一般各向异性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与双压电材料所形成界面的相互作用，我们所考虑的界面包括理想界面、滑动界面以及柔性金属电极层增强界面；一般各向异性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与椭圆孔洞的相互作用。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

The critical heating rate for different body radius was predicted by comparing the gas pressure when the peak degradation rate occurred with the threshold body strength which was determined by the diametric compression test of the green body during thermal debindering.

摘 要：以聚乙烯醇和NiFe2O4/Ni型金属陶瓷压坯为对象，采用热重分析研究PVA在N2气氛中的热脱脂行为，建立PVA热脱脂速率的数学模型，在此基础上，模拟并计算PVA分解产物气体在多孔粉末压坯内的压力构建情况；结合粉末压坯脱脂强度测试结果，分析粉末压坯在脱脂过程中压坯尺寸、粘结剂含量等因素对升温速率和脱脂时间的影响，获得不同半径尺寸压坯的极限升温速率。

METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 15), four methods were designed on rats models of sciatic nerve compression. There were simple decompression as group A, internal neurolysis after decompression as group B, lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected in the epineurium after decompression as group C, and lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected around the epineurium after decompression and internal neurolysis as group D.

在大鼠坐骨神经卡压模型基础上，将60只SD成年雄性大鼠随机等分为四组。A组：仅去除卡压；B组：去除卡压后切开神经外膜；C组：去除卡压后神经外膜下周围注射利美达松(0.5mg/kg)；D组：去除卡压后切开神经外膜，然后在神经周围注射利美达松(0.5mg/kg)。

Combined with the surge-chamber ground swell calculation of some plants, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time; From the calculation of the plate pressure difference of the throttled surge chamber, analyze the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition on it.Chapter 5: Based on the analytic calculation of water hammer, indicate the linear pressure distribution in the diversion pipe system and the calculation operation of its maximum numerical value, combined with some project instances, analyze the the influence of the superimposition on it behind and before the surge-chamber.Chapter 6: Summarize the whole paper, and present the future research directions and emphasis.

结合具体电站的调压室涌浪计算，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；并从阻抗式调压室底板压差的计算出发，分析波动叠加对底板压差的影响大小及叠加时间；第5章，在前人对水击压力的解析计算的基础上，阐述水电站引水发电系统中水击压力分布及其最大压力对应的计算工况，结合工程实例，分析调压室前后，波动叠加对沿程压力分布的影响及其大小；第6章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

After undertaking to the interact of dwell pressure, dwell time and mould temperature orthogonal experiment makes an on-the-spot investigation, reach: Material of miscellaneous 赑 OM(N2720 M63) and material of UHM WPE(GUR EP4221), the interact that basically is dwell time and mould temperature affects the systole of gear to be out of shape, to PA66(RTP 0205) material the systole that basically is gear of dwell pressure and influence of dwell time interact is out of shape.

对保压压力、保压时间和模具温度的交互功能进行正交实验考察后得出：对于POM(N2720 M63)材料和UHM WPE(GUR EP4221)材料，主要是保压时间和模具温度的交互功能影响齿轮的收缩变形，对于PA66(RTP 0205)材料主要是保压压力和保压时间交互功能影响齿轮的收缩变形。

Based on the reason analysis of failure primary fracturing, the fracturing fluid and proppant of refracturing were optimized, the half-length of fracture and construction parameters were also optimized for the optimum design of refracturing wells.

同时对初次压裂失效的原因进行分析后，对气井重复压裂的压裂液、支撑剂进行优选，对重复压裂气井的裂缝半长和施工参数进行优化，从而完善对气井重复压裂的优化设计。

In the spiral pipe heat exchanger exports terminal, the ammonia steam temperature has been heated up 85 ℃--95 ℃, by now, the ammonia steam had the 45kg-55kg/cm2 ammonia steam pressure, sent in the ammonia steam turbine through the constant temperature pipeline, impelled ammonia steam turbine revolving, led the generator electricity generation;After the ammonia steam makes the merit release energy, the temperature drop, the returns ammonia storage tank, passes through again adjusts the press pump to press into the spiral pipe-type heat exchangers to carry on the next circulation;Including the ammonia steam turbine entire ammonia steam road is becomes the independent closed cycle system, is isolates completely with the outside air;The ammonia steam only plays the carryhome and the shift energy role, in the electricity generation process does not consume the actuating medium, the stored energy carrier water also is only gets up the carryhome and the shift energy function,The waterway also is from becomes the independent closed cycle system, in the electricity generation process also the needless water consumption, through the actuating medium ammonia steam and the stored energy carrier water unceasing shuttle service, transforms through the heat interchanger the solar energy as the actuating medium ammonia steam heat energy and the kinetic energy,With the aid of the ammonia steam turbine heat - machine transformation function and the generator machine - electricity transformation function, has realized the solar energy hot - electricity entire conversion process, transforms continuously the solar energy into the electrical energy, power supply for foreign;The low temperature generating system must solve three big technical keys:One, the anticorrosion (has actuating medium has strong corrosiveness), two is Explosion-proof (Some actuating medium Can have the detonation with the air mix when divulging, controls warm malfunction, elevates temperature suddenly also can have detonation), three is guards against the revolution axis divulging

以太阳能低温发电系统为例，低温发电方法是这样进行的：以水作为储能载体的太阳能采集器将太阳能采集起来，将水温提升至85℃--98℃；用氨作为工作介质储于氨储罐及氨汽路中；采用螺旋管型热交换器；用调压泵将氨储罐中的氨汽压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管内，用调压泵将携带太阳能的85℃--98℃的储能载体热水压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管外壁空间进行循环式热交换，在热交换器的螺旋管出口端，氨汽温度已被加热到85℃--95℃，这时，氨汽具有45kg—55kg/cm2的氨汽压力，通过恒温管道送入氨汽轮机，推动氨汽轮机旋转，带动发电机发电；氨汽作功释放能量后，温度下降，返回氨储罐，再经调压泵压入螺旋管型热交换器进行下一次循环；包括氨汽轮机在内的整个氨汽汽路是自成独立的封闭循环系统，与外界空气是完全隔绝的；氨汽只起携带和转移能量的作用，发电过程中并不消耗工作介质，储能载体水也是只起携带和转移能量的作用，水路也是自成独立的封闭循环系统，发电过程中也不消耗水，通过工作介质氨汽和储能载体水的不断循环运行，通过热交换器将太阳能转化为工作介质氨汽的热能和动能，借助氨汽轮机的热—机转化功能和发电机的机—电转化功能，实现了太阳能的整个热—电转化过程，将太阳能源源不断地转变为电能，对外供电；低温发电系统要解决的三大技术关键：一是防腐（有的工作介质具有较强的腐蚀性）、二是防爆（有的介质泄漏与空气混合会产生爆炸，控温失灵，急剧升温也会产生爆炸）、三是防轴漏（汽轮机是动态旋转体，必须解决工作介质的防轴漏问题）。

TO DIN respiratory valve, the valve plate must be removed between the shock thing.

操作压力：A级正压：355Pa（36亳米水柱）负压：295Pa(30亳米水柱) B级正压：980Pa（100亳米水柱）负压：295Pa(30亳米水柱) C级正压：1765Pa（180亳米水柱）负压：295Pa(30亳米水柱)* GFQ全天候呼吸阀* GZW-I阻爆燃管道阻火器* QZF-89型铝合金全天候防火呼吸阀* QHXF-89防爆呼吸阀

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。