历史学派

The historical school believes practice but it attributes practice to the anarchical behaviour of individual or scientific community.

历史学派虽然考虑到了实践，但他们所理解的实践只是个人或科学共同体的无政府行为。

At first, we introduce the history and background of the Frankfurt School. Then we analyze the point of view about rationality, theory, culture, and depth psychology by the Frankfurt School and Giroux conceptions about them.

在这一部分中，首先介绍了法兰克福学派的历史和背景，接着分析了法兰克福学派对理性、理论、文化和潜意识心理学的看法，以及吉鲁对这些问题的认识。

The conception of science progress comes from western philosophy of science exists two kinds of extreme view about the relationship between science development and science progress, one is "development equals to progress", take the example of logic experientialism; the other is "development has nothing to do with", take the example of Kuhn.

在科学发展与科学进步的关系上，西方科学哲学的科学进步观存在着两种片面的观点，一种观点以逻辑经验主义为代表，将发展与进步等同起来，"发展即进步"；另一种以社会历史学派为代表，将发展与进步对立起来。

Huntington is one of the important scholars in western political development theory.

是西方政治发展理论中比较历史学派的重要代表人物。

Outline : This course introduces the economic thoughts since 17 century until now. It focuses on the economic thoughts of the respective school, such as Mercantilism, Physiocracy, Classical School , Historical School, Socialism, Neoclassical School , Keynesian School , Institution School , New Keynesian, New Classical, and the representatives.

本课程乃在叙述四百年来经济思想之演化，如重商主义、重农主义、古典学派、历史学派、社会主义学派、新古典学派、凯因斯学派、制度学派、新凯因斯学派、货币学派、理性预期学派等，并介绍各学派重要人物之生平与其对经济思想之重要贡献。

The absence of real understanding of social practice is fundamental reason of that leads the historical school to relativism.

实际上，缺乏对社会实践的真正理解是历史学派导致相对主义的根本原因。

Based on these ideas, Vygotsky accepted the two hypothesis of Marxism about human development, that is, the human psychology is the product of the environment, and the intelligence comes from action. And he developed the historical, holistic, generant, comparative approaches of psychology and explored the advanced psychological enginery. Eventually, Vygotsky developed the school of cultural-historical psychology.

在此基础上，维果茨基接受了马克思对于人的发展的两个基本假设－将人的心理视为环境的产物，内在的智力起源于活动，并采用历史的、整体的、发生的、比较的心理学方法，针对人的高级心理机能进行考察，最终建构起其独特的&文化－历史学派&。

Further more, since both Marxist economics and German Historical School are the products of the same philosophical tradition, and the tradition is rather parallel to its Chinese counterpart, the re-discovering of German Historical School has great significance either for the creative development of Marxist economics and the inaugurating of China's own economic schools.

此外，马克思经济学在主体上与德国历史学派都是同一种哲学传统和经济学传统的产物，而这种传统与中国哲学传统之间又具有惊人的相似性，这对于马克思主义经济学的创造性发展和开创中国经济学研究传统都具有重大的启发意义。

The School of Discussion in Ancient Chinese History represented by Gu Xiegang was a famous historical school in 1920s. They deconstructed traditional research on The Book of Songs and removed forged history for the purposes of revivifying the remote history.

20世纪二三十年代兴起的以顾颉刚为代表的著名历史学派－古史辨以还原上古真史为目的，解构传统《诗经》学，清除历代《诗经》学萌生的伪史并查证真史。

In this way, the author presents the mass study of Birmingham School in two ways, first one is their concepts" background in social and history, the other, is the origin of their study. By skimming over the domain of Frankfurt School, the author made a brief comparison on two schools which both important in popular culture research area. There are an obviously change from "criticism" to "comprehension.

本文从对伯明翰学派理论架构的社会历史背景和思想理论来源分析入手，着重论证了伯明翰学派关于&大众&在大众文化活动中的主体地位思想，在与法兰克福学派大众文化理论的非大众性批判的比较中，看到了西方大众文化理论研究中出现的从&批判&到&理解&的转向。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。