历史学

It's a new research into aboriginality of folk religion in South-East China by a cross-nation-culture beyond Han-nationality's view. The brightness of the article is distinguishing the basic culture of abrigines and the superculture of Han immigrants, and finding the transitional history from aboriginal religion to folk religion in South-East China by the co-research of archeology, history, folklore and anthropology.

东南民间信仰土著性问题的提出突破了汉文化一统演化论的视野，从跨文化的角度考察民间信仰文化，通过考古学、历史学、民俗学、人类学的整合研究，在纷繁复杂的东南民间信仰文化中区分土著越人的基层文化与客来汉人的上层文化，追溯从土著的"万物有灵"和"好巫尚鬼"到东南"汉"人复杂多样的自然崇拜和发达的"救生"神灵的历史过程，理顺其传承与变迁，构建从土著越人原始宗教到东南"汉人"民间信仰历史发展的知识框架。

Just as then in the question of astronomy, now in the question of history, the whole difference of view rested on the recognition or non-recognition of an absolute unit as a measure of visible phenomena.

现在的历史学问题正如当年的天文学问题一样，各种观点上的不同就在于承认或不承认一种绝对的单位作为看得见的现象的尺度。

Gary Leupp is Professor of History at Tufts University, and Adjunct Professor of Religion.

程介南leupp 是历史学教授在Tufts大学的客座教授和宗教。

But to the antiquarian of dead physics, to the historian interested in the psychology of discovery and innovation, errors are often as interestingas truths.

但是那些研究逝去物理学家的文献研究者，对错误经常和对真理一样感兴趣，就像历史学对发明和创新的心理状态感兴趣一样。

While the first Regius Professors of history at Oxford and Cambridge, Thomas Arnold in 1841 and Charles Kingsley in 1859 respectively, were "men of letters" who wrote popular histories, subsequent professional historians were obliged to make their developing discipline seem as scientific, objective, and empirical as possible in order for it to be considered a legitimate area of inquiry.

Thomas Arnold、Charles Kinsley二位分别在1841年、1859年担任牛津和剑桥的钦定历史学讲座教授的时候，都是当时畅销史学作品的作者，曾被认为是"文字巨匠"，但以此为业的继任者们却不得不将历史学装扮成科学的、客观的并且经验主义的模样，以使这门发展中的学科得以合理存在。

To cope with the challenge,history and training of history professional workers have some fresh undertakings to fulfill,including intensifying the quality of humanity,developing a profound historical awareness,and establishing "knowing-all-type" professional workers with a global view,open-door mind,who can wholesomely understand heri

历史学及其人才培养为应对这一挑战，面临着强化人文素质、培养深邃的历史意识和从全球史观高度，塑造具有世界视野、开放精神，能整体性理解人类文化遗产和发展现状的"通识型"专门人才的使命。关键词：历史学；人文精神；全球史观

Starting from this point, it probes his view on historical research method and its significance to social science so as to reveal his reflections on the following questions from the angle of methodology: the relationship between historiography and social science; the methodological role that historical evidence and historiographic research method play in social science; the relationship between historiography and social science vs.

以此核心问题着手，探讨他关于历史研究方法的价值及其对社会科学的意义问题，从而展现他从方法论角度对以下问题的思考：历史学与社会科学的关系、历史的证据和史学研究方法对社会科学的方法论意义、历史学和社会科学与历史证据的关系等。

The writer points that it is precisely because Schlesinger recognized that a historian must correctly handle the relation between academic research and political action, and introspected on those related problem such as the function, the objectivity and the law of history, can he maintain relatively objective in research.

第五章阐述了小施莱辛格对历史学的思考，指出正是由于小施莱辛格认识到作为一名史学家必须处理好学术与政治之间的关系，因而在治学过程中能主动对相关问题，如历史学的功能、历史的客观性、历史的规律性等问题进行反思，才使他在学术研究中能够保持相对客观。

The history new system , which in turn took five kinds of forms of society as the universal historical rule, established and presented he history theories, such as "five artificial flowers with gold-foil" and so on, impelling the new history to make the remarkable progress.

在五十年代末到六十年代初的史学界对历史主义批判，引发了对翦伯赞、吴晗等史学家的政治迫害，戚本禹提出&为革命而研究历史&，在文革时期历史学发展成为具有鲜明主观唯心色彩的&影射史学&，历史学完全成为政治的工具。

Storytellers dedicate their efforts to entertaining people in a field similar to that of the fictionists or folklorists, while historians are committed themselves to a serious scientific domain in which hypothesis is formed, evidence is discovered and examined, and conclusion is drawn on the basis of reasoning.

但是历史学则是一个严肃的科学领域，在历史学的范畴内，历史学家对过去进行假设，然后寻求证据，而后则需要对证据进行分析，最终得出科学结论。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷