历史

For the interaction of three variables in the historical course in the whole 20th century, the author concludes it as a process that from the reconstruction by state-modernity based on revolution of the society of village on the background of modernization, to the reinstitution of a new structure of the village's governance by the three historical logical factors, state, modernity and local knowledge of village, which surpassed the revolution.

对于上述关系在整个20世纪历史进程中的完整展现，作者在文中归纳为"现代化背景下从国家–现代性依托革命对村庄社会的改造到超越革命后的国家、现代性与村庄地方性知识这三种历史逻辑共同重塑新村治格局"的过程。

Through the study of the trends of development of modern Western science methodology, the paper analyses the main features of three methodological models: prestippositionalist model of logics , relativist model of history and integrated model of logics and history.

本文以马克思主义观点审视现代西方科学方法论的演变趋势，揭示了现代西方科学方法论三大模型——预设主义的逻辑模型、相对主义的历史模型以及逻辑与历史相结合模型——的主要特征，并对西方各派方法论的成就与兴衰的缘由，作出了理论的概括和系统的评估。

History, if forgotten, is bound to reoccur in the future.

如果我们忘记了历史，那么我们就必将重演历史。

That is the biggest task—not least because the euro's history is replete with failed attempts at doing so.

那是很艰巨的任务，至少是因为欧洲的历史上充满了这种做法失败的历史记录。

This thesis, based on detailed analysis of a variety of issues relevant to the campus-based hi-tech enterprises, points out that the formation and development of the enterprises is a historical and circumstantial event. Emergence of the enterprises is a natural outcome of a university's diverse functionality and extension, representing its "third function".

本文主要通过对高校科技产业发展中的诸多问题进行分析，指出发展高校科技产业是我国特定历史条件下的产物，它的形成和发展有着一定的历史渊源，是高等学校职能发展的必然结果，是高校科技工作的延伸，体现着高校的"第三功能"。

Is also the world's top manufacturer of paraffin Central Germany±a Chinese agent Reseda Binder company was founded in 1913 Reseda Binder's are the world's oldest manufacturer of paraffin ring .90 years of production history, making it a leader in the field, and its excellent quality, and fully by the world-renowned maker of textile machinery common recognition, becoming spinning machine through designated original Product.

济南英联贝克机械设备有限公司同时也是世界顶级石蜡环制造商德国瑞斯达宾得公司Reseda Binder中国总代理成立于1913年的Reseda Binder是世界上历史最悠久的石蜡环生产商。90年的生产历史，使其成为该领域的领导者，它的卓越品质，充分得到了世界著名纺机商的共同认可，成为纺机商指定的原配产品。

The fabric of the city's history is resplendent with its many strands of local history and culture.

织物城市的历史是辉煌的许多组成部分，当地的历史和文化。

This essay has three difficulties: First, difficulty of conception foundation: how to grasp conception foundation, historical background and theory origin of positive economic paradigm and normative economic paradigm from a historical and philosophical perspective? Second, difficulty of formalization system: the viewpoints of positive economists and normative economists are very jumble, this paper tries to clear up the formers' theories, sums up and synthesizes various standpoints, and make it form systematism and standardization. Third, difficulty of combination in visual angle: combining economics and philosophy, resurvey some philosophy problems in economic research from the perspective of ontology, epistemology and methodology, thereby discover new problems, and make rigor argumentation toward it.

本文的难点：1、概念基础难点：如何从一种历史的、哲学的角度准确把握实证经济范式与规范经济范式的概念基础和变更的历史背景、理论渊源。2、形式化体系难点：实证经济学家与规范经济学家的观点非常混杂，本文试图理清前人的思路，总结和综合纷繁不一的观点，并使其体系化、规范化。3、视角结合点难点：将经济学与哲学有机地结合起来，从本体论、认识论、方法论的角度重新看待经济学研究中的一些哲学问题，从而发现新问题，并对其进行严密论证。

3Effective history principle gives the chance for the translators of the different ages to retranslate the same source, from which three re-translation strategy are standardized: corrective retranslation strategy; reconstruction retranslation strategy; proselytizing retranslation strategy. Gadamer also puts forward a non-translatable hermeneutics principle. But this does.not mean his negation to translation. The model of conversation in understanding proposed by Gadamer points out that translation is not the monologue of the translator but a process of dialogues between translator and source which leads to mutual understanding.

效果历史原则既赋予了不同历史时代的译者重译同一文本的机会，并由此可以规范出三种重译策略：勘误性重译策略、重构性重译策略和指向性重译策略，也提出了不可翻译性这一诠释学原理，但这并不代表伽达默尔对翻译的否定，他所提出的理解的对话模式说明翻译的过程并非原作者的个人独白，而是译者与文本进行对话并达到相互理解的过程，这反而在理论上论证了译者劳动的创造性价值，肯定了翻译创造论。

In the new period, the revolutionary tinge began to fade away and the tradition of the revolutionary literature was deconstructed so that a new historical relationship of betrayal and retrogress was established.

在如何理解五四新文学与革命文学之间的关系上，建国后"十七年"与新时期存在着明显的差异：在"十七年"中，五四新文学传统逐渐被革命化，革命文学传统逐渐被强化，从而在二者之间建立起一种"继承与发展"的历史联系；在新时期，五四新文学传统的革命色彩逐渐被淡化，其地位一路飙升，革命文学传统逐渐被消解，从而在二者之间形成了"背叛与倒退"的历史联系。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。