历史

Based on China's revolution and construction and the main content of criteria of different stages, the article divides the criteria into five stages. It tries hard to sum up the commonness of criteria at the same stage, and open out the relation between the commonness and the candidates of party member.

关于党员标准的历史分期问题本文根据中国革命和建设的历史进程，以及党员标准在不同时期的主要内容，把建党以来共产党员的标准问题分成五个阶段，并力图在每一个阶段都总结出该阶段党员标准的共性，揭示出这一共性与党员发展对象之间的关系。

So they should be talked about. Second, the stages of the criterion. Based on China's revolution and construction and the main content of criteria of different stages, the article divides the criteria into five stages. It tries hard to sum up the commonness of criteria at the same stage, and open out the relation between the commonness and the candidates of party member. Third, strive to possess the more data.

所以，讨论时也应把它们列入党员标准的范围。2、关于党员标准的历史分期问题本文根据中国革命和建设的历史进程，以及党员标准在不同时期的主要内容，把建党以来共产党员的标准问题分成五个阶段，并力图在每一个阶段都总结出该阶段党员标准的共性，揭示出这一共性与党员发展对象之间的关系。3、力求占有更多的资料。

Tourist attractions in Portugal also include the historic center of Oporto which enjoys a lengthy 1,000 year old history.

葡萄牙旅游景点还包括历史中心的波尔图享有一个漫长的千年历史。

We need to also learn from the Orang Asli and the natives of each state and how their philosophy of developmentalism is more advanced that the programmes prescribed under the successive five-year Malaysia Plans.

我 们生活在自己建构的历史牢笼里，即使上过历史课，也无法看到牢笼外面的广阔历史图腾，可见我们的历史课是失败的。

Benefit from protection, and conducive to improving the living conditions of ordinary people's point of view, the formulation introduced Historic District, protection of historical buildings and related policies.

受益于保护，有利于改善生活条件的普通百姓的角度出发，制定了历史街区，保护历史建筑和相关政策。

In order to make us well know about Outer Mongolia and this period of history, the paper attempts to expatiate the sight of the actor about the independence of Outer Mongolia from the aspects of the process of its independence, experiences of the history and the impacts to China. I try to volunteer to give an opinion in order to let others with wonderful ideas follow it .

为了使大家更好的了解这个地方和这段历史，本文拟从外蒙古独立的过程、历史经验、国防战略的角度及对中国的影响来阐述笔者对外蒙古独立的认识，抛砖引玉。

I shall find antiquity a rewarding study, if only because, while I am absorbed in it, I shall be able to t urn my eyes from the troubles which for so long have torment ed the modern world, and to write without any of that over-anxious consideration which may well plague a writer on contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.

现代社会长期以来问题重重，现代史研究者在书写这段历史时忧虑万分，即便他们不会因此而掩盖历史真相，也难免受困于此。而我在潜心于古代研究时，能够不受这些问题的困扰，如果仅仅只有这一点，我也觉得这项工作很有价值了。

The study focuses on "value diversity", and explores it step by step with a route of "Review -Rethink and Criticism -Construction and Transcendence -Application"From a historical perspective, the study reviews and summarizes western educational evaluation theories and technology development, describes evaluation methods of so-called first three generations evaluation methods, and analyzes historical critique of them, including their failure to accommodate value-pluralism, a tendency towards managerialism, and the overcommitment to the scientific paradigm of inquiry; and then further points out that the fourth generation evaluation methods can be introduced for their effective response to problems of value-pluralism. The study focuses on the characteristics and ideology of the fourth generation evaluation theory; based on which, the research work investigates the social and cultural foundations of education evaluation theory and technology formation development from the dimension of the evolution of values foundation, the impact of social ideology and methodology conversion.

研究从历史的视角回顾、梳理了西方教育评价理论与技术的发展，对称之为前三代评价的方法进行了描述，并分析了历史上对这些早期评价方法的批判，包括对价值多元化的排斥问题、管理主义倾向、对调查的科学范式的过度推崇等；进而指出，第四代评价方法能够有效回应价值多元化问题而被引入，论文重点探讨了第四代评价理论的思想及特点；在此基础上，从价值基础的演变、社会思潮的影响和方法论的转换等维度考察了教育评价理论与技术形成发展的社会文化基础。

First of all, the valuation errors in TXO of the BS-IV model are the smallest among all volatility models. In the whole, the BS-IVmodel underprices the market value, BS-HV, BS-EV（EGARCH（1,1））and Ad hoc BS model overprice the market value respectively. Next, there exist the linear relationships between the valuation errors and moneyness in TXO mostly. At last, in view of hedging errors, the other thing being equal, the shorter is the maturity, the smaller is the hedging error.

本文的实证发现，在评价误差方面，整体而言，隐含波动性模型对买权及卖权的评价误差最小，隐含波动性模型之理论价格低估了市场价格；而历史波动性模型、EGARCH（1，1）模型及平滑后的历史波动性模型之理论价格则大多高估了市场价格；接著，在评价误差与金融特性关系方面，各波动性模型之评价误差与价内价外程度、股价指数报酬率、股价指数波动性、距到期日及无风险利率等因素，大多具有显著的线性关系。

Chris Stringer, a paleoanthropologist at the Natural History Museum in London, says that the new work highlights the importance of trans-Sahara corridors during early human history.

伦敦自然历史博物馆的古人类学家克里斯·斯特林格说：这项新的研究工作强调了早期人类历史上跨越撒哈拉的外迁通道具有重要意义。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。