历史

In the fourth chapter, I analyze and contrast many architectural cases in history and modern times which ellipse were applied to, and explore the ellipse"s development in historic sense. The fifth chapter investigates the dynamic relationship between geometry and architecture based on ellipse"s geometric character, and analyzes ellipse architecture"s characters in symbolism, dualism, diversity and unity these four facets. In the sixthchapter, taking ellipse architecture as examples, I try to explore the relationship between the more general geometry"s purity and architecture"s complexity, and build the foundation for future exploration of geometry"s purity.

第四章从历史和现代两个方面展开了大量对椭圆形式在建筑中应用的个案和实例的研究与对比，探讨了椭圆形式在历史上意义的变迁；第五章以椭圆的几何特性为立足点，研究了椭圆几何--建筑之间的动态关系，从标志性，二元对立，多样和统一四个方面分析了椭圆建筑的特点；第六章以椭圆建筑为例，尝试探讨了更一般的几何的纯粹性与建筑的复杂性的关系，对几何纯粹性意义的挖掘为进一步的研究提供基础；第七章采用了类型对比的研究方法，分析了安藤忠雄和库哈斯两位设计哲学截然不同的建筑师对椭圆形式的使用；另外，以位置关系为线索，将椭圆和其他的几何形式结合起来，总结了一般情况下几何的纯粹性对建筑复杂性的作用。

The first free balloon ascension of the Montgolfier brothers in paris was an exhibition flights,including carnival shows,racing,and record attempts.

孟高尔费兄弟在巴黎坐气球的第一次自由飞行就是第一次飞行表演。乘气球和飞行的历史就是充满飞行表演的历史，包括杂技表演、比赛和破纪录之举。

Jeanne Calment, a Frenchwoman who became the oldest documented person in history, died at 122 on Aug.

：珍妮门，一个谁成为法国历史最悠久的历史记录的人，死亡122 8月4日， 1997年。

The Storm: Hannibal Crossing the Alps and his Army of Snow Storm (1812)(snow-man looked Hannibal and his Army: line, Alps 1812)- most early career, the most sophisticated and most important work in one year, the exhibition catalogue, from oneself, not complete poem the hope of a few lines of falsehood pulled to increase this painting, literature and history in his fearsome galvanism scenes with water and the mountains like natural forces extremely exuberant imagination, result, this painting will to people's emotion scenery formed lofty feeling and history of painting, a combination of thought.

暴风雪：汉尼拔和他的军队穿越阿尔卑斯雪山》（1812）（Snow Storm： Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps 1812）——透纳艺术生涯早期最具气势，最精良也是最重要的作品之一，在当年的展览目录上，透纳从自己不完整的诗作《希望的谬误》里抽出几行来增加这幅画的文学和历史成分，再加之以他那令人生畏的场景和风与水那排山倒海般自然力量的极其旺盛的想象，结果便是，这幅画将风景对人的情感形成的崇高感和历史画的道德、思想关怀结合了起来。

It was developed by Gassendi and Hobbes in the seventeenth century, the French materialists in the eighteenth century, and Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism in the nineteenth century.

唯物主义有一个漫长的历史，它起自爱奥尼亚的自然哲学家和古代原子论者，由17世纪的伽桑狄和霍布斯、18世纪的法国唯物论者和19世纪的马克思的辩证唯物论和历史唯物论所发展。

Through the analysis of the preservation of historical context in the urban construction in Suzhou, and of the experience in developing and remoulding the city features, it is stated that in the new situation, historical context and Genius Loci must be preserved and carried forward in building a characteristic city.

以苏州为例，通过苏州在城市建设中对历史文脉的保护与发展重塑城市特色的经验的分析，论述了新形势下建设有特色的城市，必须维护并发扬城市的历史文脉和场所精神。

The author firstly combs the teachers sources of Shuyuan in Ming and Qing dynasties, points out that there are four main sources for it, and concludes that making full use of social resources is a valid path to solve the problem of teachers sources then.Secondly, the present research consults Shuyuan teachers employment way in Ming and Qing dynasties, combs its three ways and deeply inquires into the subjective and objective condition for them.Thirdly, the present research analyses Shuyuan teaching characteristics, management and promotion, sums up seven main teaching characteristics and analyses the advantage and disadvantage of them,Further more , the present research consults Shuyuan teachers management and promotion, makes an analysis on its historic courses why it"s informal.Finally, the present research analyses the Shuyuan teachers" economic treatment, social status and the influence and effect made to the politics, economy, military, social life and cultural education where they were situated in Ming and Qing dynasties, and concludes that the Shuyuan teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties actively participated in the local social activities in their peculiar upper class gentlemanship and greatly influenced and promoted the policy making and carrying out of the local public affairs, meanwhile, they promoted the communication and development of local learning and culture , and trained quite many men for profession for the locals.

作者首先对明清时期书院教师的来源进行了梳理，指出了明清书院教师的四种主要来源，认为充分利用社会资源是明清书院解决教师来源的有效途径；其次，对明清时期书院教师的聘用方式进行了历史考察，梳理出明清时期书院存在着三种教师聘用方式，深入探讨了这三种方式并存的主客观条件；再次，对明清时期书院教师的教学特点进行了分析，归纳出七个主要教学特点，并说明其利弊；此外，探讨了明清时期书院教师的管理及升迁问题，分析了其存在的不规范性的历史原因；最后，剖析了明清时期书院教师的经济待遇、社会地位及对书院所在地的政治、经济、军事及社会生活与文化教育所可能产生的作用与影响，得出明清书院教师以自己特有的上层绅士身份与地位积极地参与到当地社会生活之中，并在相当程度上影响与促进了地方公共事务的决策与实施；同时，他们促进了当地学术及文化的交流与发展，为当地培养出了大批的杰出人才。

In addition with our solid business relations with the leading giftware importers worldwide, we are very confident that we'll make full use of our advantages with united and concerted efforts, to continuously extend our business scope in the good historical circumstances of opening market and International economic integration. Our company with the times and looking forward to the much more prosperous future!

加上有悠久历史的高档国际品牌合作进口商，在国际经济一体化的开放市场和历史契机中，我们充分发挥自身的优势，不断拓宽经营领域，与时俱进，团结奋斗，我们自信有能力为公司创造更加辉煌的未来！

The names on his psyche list of leadership include Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Qi Baishi, Li Keran, Fu Baoshi, and Zhu Da. They could be divided into two parts of the globosity and be separated by space and time. In general, they are the same. They are path breakers, inaugurators, innovators, masters, and struggle in the tossing wave of historical moments. They hold high the banner of sensibility, following the Nature ....

孟新宇想到的中外大师名单--莫奈、凡高、毕加索、齐白石、李可染、傅抱石、八大山人等，虽然分别属于东方和西方，并且还是不同历史空间中的人，但他们也有某种相似性：都是开宗立派的、具有变革性的大师，都处于历史的风云际会之中，都主张感性，师造化等。。。。。。。

The historical account of the female that denies the historical generality and traditional hypocrisy is based on the negation of the gloominess of the male. However, the discussion of love affairs and the recognition of the female capacity always takes major part of the text.

女性历史叙事对历史的生成性及传统文化的虚假性的否定，建立在对男性阴暗性的否定上，而关于爱情的讨论和对女性身份的认证则占据了文本隐型结构的核心。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。