历史

At the same time,the content of the foreign history is closelink with the citizen ideas'fostering.So to say,the citizen education is amain responsibility of the foreign historical teaching.This paper,from thecitizen,the citizen education's origin and development to the foreignhistorical teaching's content,means and appraise,study the citizen education of the foreign historical teaching.

同时世界历史的教学内容同公民以及公民意识有着不可分割的关系，所以公民教育成为世界历史这一学科不可推卸的责任，本文从公民、公民教育的来源和发展出发，从世界历史的教育内容、手段、评价等方面来探讨世界历史教学中的公民教育。

Systemic study is practiced on system, antilogy, policy and legislation of criminal law.

本文在唯物史观的指导下，主要采用历史述事方法，借助法学和社会学等多种学科的研究方法，以新中国政治变革为主要线索，结合社会变革和刑法自身发展的特殊情况，以新中国刑法史上的重大历史事件为背景，对新中国刑法50多年的曲折发展变化进行了历史的考察，将各个时期的刑法制度、刑法思想、刑事政策与立法、司法实践有机结合起来进行研究，全面反映了新中国刑法发展的轨迹，探讨了刑法发展的规律性，揭示了相关历史事件掩盖或包容的刑法精神、刑法内容和刑法意义，对其中存在的一些问题进行了深刻反思和检讨，总结了经验和教训，对今后刑法建设的发展和推进中国法治的未来具有重大的现实意义。

The dual nature, course competence of teachers and its relevant factors in course reformations are analyzed from the perspective of hermeneutics, technical rationalism, teaching culture, micropolitics, autoanalysis of personal details, etc., and the course competence comprised of course research competence, courses development competence, course supervising competence and course evaluating competence.

其次，以文献法和历史分析方法从大学基本职能历史变迁的视角，分析了大学教师职业的变化，并根据时代的发展趋势诠释了教师职业的变化趋势；在论述大学基本职能历史变迁中描述了大学课程与教学的历史演变。

It pointed out the basic historic mission of the first generation of CPC people headed by Zedong Mao is the independence of the country and national liberation, to overthrow the "three big mountains "pressing on the heads of Chinese people and all reactionary forces to hinder Chinese social progress, and from this formed the mode of thinking with the main character of revolution; The basic historic mission of the second generation CPC people headed by Xiaoping Deng is to transform the rigid economic and political system of traditional socialism, from thinking theory, eliminate the bookishness and"Left"dogmatism which hindered economic development and social progress and spread seriously, and from this formed the mode of thinking with the main character of transformation; Then, the basic historic mission of the third generation CPC people headed by Zemin Jiang is, on the basis of the cause opened by the first and second generations CPC people, to open up the new situations of building the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, in theory and practice, realize overall creation in all fields of life, and from this formed the mode of thinking with the main character of creation; The historic mission undertaken by the new central leading group headed by Jintao Hu is to completely realize the objective of well-off society, strengthen international competitive, the main point is economic development, the stress is in the countryside, and the difficult point lies in social development.

指出：以毛泽东为代表的第一代中国共产党人的基本历史使命是国家独立和民族解放，推翻压在中国人民头上的三座大山和一切阻碍中国社会前进的反动力量，并由此形成了以革命为主要特征的思维方式，以邓小平为代表的第二代中国共产党人的基本历史使命是变革传统社会主义的僵化的经济政治体制，在思想理论上革除阻碍经济发展和社会进步的严重泛滥的本本主义和"左"倾教条主义，并由此形成了以改革为主要特征的思维方式；那么，以江泽民为代表的第三代中国共产党人的基本历史使命，则是在第一代、第二代中国共产党人所开创的事业的基础上，开拓建设中国特色社会主义事业的新局面，在理论和实践上，在社会生活的所有领域实现全面创新，并由此形成了以创新为主要特征的思维方式；以胡锦涛为代表的新的中央领导集体所肩负的历史使命是要实现全面建设小康社会的目标，增强国际竞争力，要点是经济发展，重点在农村，而难点在社会发展方面。

Chapter four approaches Boorstin\'s historical writing from the perspective of historical aesthetics. The author\'s main argument here is that Boorstin writes for the people and about the people.

该章探讨了"历史审美"的内涵，并从"写人民的历史"、"历史写作是亲密的体验"、"整体性历史观"等不同角度，试图找出布尔斯廷的历史作品在普通读者中获得"共鸣"的深刻原因。

The Heaven and the Way is the both the changeableness of the universe and the thought to pursue harmony in the world; The Humanity is the thought to pursue harmony in the conflict society by culturing mind, which means a real person must be of disenchantment in thought and self restraint in behavior, and the society is of solicitude for human, all that is the ZhongYong; The Unifying and the Changing is the harmony in evolvement, the essence of the universe and thought;as a thought, it is the Way of communication between human and nature or society; The one is ultimate perfection but that means death, only in its own transcending it becomes the the primary chaos,namely ultimately the Chinese thought.

本文中使用的中国思想区别于一般使用的"中国传统思想"，中国思想具有的自身的本体性意义，它不同于对一般的思想观念的研究，不是研究它所表达的内容的特点和性质，也不是指某种具体思想观念的产生和发展的演变，而是指思想自身作为动力性本质的本体性存在过程；"中国传统思想"则具有它所指称的历史内容，是指中国文化历史进程中具体的思想脉络，当然"中国传统思想"也有概念自身特定的研究意义，但那是建立在全部历史内容的基础上，用来表达中国历史自身的精神特质。

Stand on a base of upper study, this paper choose distribution map of agriculture and stock raising in seven different historical age as basic material, sum up ten agro-geology environmental factors into Loess plateau Area's AEG system, and cover all these factor's component parts map on distribution draft of every period's agricultural and pastrol, then measure the occupying proportion, bring results into fomula of factor information entropy, finally, take average value of ten factor's information entropy in each period as its characteristical AEG system entropy value.

在以上研究的基础上，论文选择黄土高原地区七个历史时期的农牧业分布图作为基本资料，将该区的十个地质环境要素纳入农业环境地质系统中，将其类别分布图与上述农牧业分布图进行叠加量测，结果代入要素系统熵计算公式，求得了十个农业地质环境要素在各个历史时期中的系统熵，对每个历史时期的这十个熵值求算术平均值就获得了该历史时期黄土高原地区总的农业环境地质系统熵。

"Hero" is a kind of histroical complex, this complex lead to the transitions of our history. But they are usually ridiculous."history" meane to us more likely a sort of impression, or a virtual reality.

&英雄&是一种历史情结，这种历史的情结使我们的历史产生了转折，历史的转折往往是荒谬的，&历史&对于我们来说更是一种印象，一种虚幻的真实。

Historical thinking has been considered as the core in the middle school history teaching. Logic thinking, as one of the abilities of historic thinking, is right the basis of the accuracy of it. Without rigorous logic pattens, thinking would be in a chaotic and ridiculous state.

在中学历史学科教学中，历史思维能力是历史学科能力的核心，而作为历史思维能力之一的逻辑思维是历史思维正确性的基础，没有严密的逻辑基础，思维将是混乱的，乃至是荒谬的。

In his subsections and descriptions of the world history, there are eisegesis that cannot survive careful investigation.

黑格尔在他的《历史哲学》绪论的开头就把他观察历史的方法称作&哲学的历史&，以区别另外两种在他看来是较低层次的方法(&原始的历史&和&反省的历史&)。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了