厂商

3If the elasticity of abatement incentive is high enough, this can stimulate the implementation of early abatement action fast.

3透过比较静态分析发现，排放权核配纳入先期奖诱因机制下，防制诱因弹性足够大，低未排放权的期望价值，抑或提高厂商防制的净边际效，促进厂商增加防制与减少排放之诱因，达到激厂商即早减的效果。

Based on the important results obtained from the present research on second degree price discrimination, this dissertation makes a systemic and more practical mathematics study on the side of the manufacturer angels, including further and more deeply research on monopoly manufacturer how to actualize second price discrimination under nonlinear demand function, Nash equilibrium of second degree price discrimination under the condition of competition with different demand functions, monopoly manufacturer how to actualize second

结果表明，其纳什均衡结果存在依赖于两厂商产品的市场占有率，并且两厂商需求区间的分段数越多，其纳什均衡存在的必要条件要求他们的实力越接近；第四章针对实际情况将确定性需求条件下厂商处于完全垄断状态下的二度价格歧视理论研究推广到不确定性需求条件下的二度价格歧视理论研究，更进一步地研究了垄断厂商在线性随机需求条件下的二度价格歧视模型，用计算机模拟了此模型的可行性，分析模拟结果得出了一系列重要结论，最后给出了更具一般性的不确定需求条件下的二度价格歧视模型，并严格证明了此模型的可行性；第五章对全文进行总结。

In the research of normal pricing decision, study the methods of production determining and pricing upon condition that demand function permits random deviation and that consumer tastes may be uncertain, On the assumption that p...

从需求不确定情形下一般厂商产品定价决策研究及其风险度量到垄断厂商差别定价决策及其风险度量研究，在对需求不确定情形下一般厂商产品定价决策研究中，假设企业产品产量可能不等于销量，分两种情形讨论了需求可以发生随机扰动情形下和消费者口味不确定情形下一般厂商产量决策和定价问题。

To solve such a problem, this paper provide a method combined with the appraisal of commercial opportunity and producer's income. The commercial opportunity appraising is carried upon the analyst of the improvement of the product's function and the renewal of the consumer's demand. Meanwhile, the multimedia products are divided into two kinds, one is call star-network multimedia product, and the other is called mash-network multimedia product. For each type of product, the paper analyses the producer's equilibrium in monopoly market and monopolistic competition market, which provides a method to forecast the producer's income in the future market.

针对这两种现象，本课题在研究过程中提出了商业机会评价结合厂商收益评价的投资机会研究方法，首先通过分析产品功能更新与消费者需求更新的内在关系，识别具有良好商业机会的产品；而后通过将多媒体产品划分为星型网络型多媒体产品和交叉网络型多媒体产品，分别研究在垄断的市场以及垄断竞争的市场条件下厂商的收益水平，识别真正具有良好收益前景的厂商类型，以及影响厂商未来收益的因素。

Extending the dynamic evolution model of technology standard with network externality to the case of multi firms, based on a stochastic dynamic game model and exploring intensively the effect of network externality on the technology evolution.

但对于新进入厂商而言，它可以选择兼容或不兼容；如果新进入厂商采用适配器和互联等兼容策略，则在位厂商只有掌握了足够的网络规模基础优势，才会拒绝新进入厂商与其兼容，否则它将会选择与新进入厂商兼容。

First, we discuss a monopolistic downstream firm's decision of outsourcing in the final good market. Then we extend the model to a duopolistic downstream market structure with two competing firms to examine whether the outsourcing decisions change in such a competitive environment.

模型推导以渐进式进行，首先讨论当最终财市场结构为独占下，最终财厂商的委外决策；其次开放市场竞争程度，使最终财市场结构由独占转为寡占，厂商家数由一扩增为二，且两厂商在最终财市场进行同质产品的数量竞争，则最终财厂商的委外决策是否改变。

Result of this study by the multidimensional scaling and ridge regression model shows:(1) the trajectory of IC manufacture industry technology development measurement by patent development is incremental path, and there is being isomorphism among the firms,(2) the advantage will make the firm profit by sustaining exploitation, including accumulation and creation of patent which is positive relationship with firm performance,(3) the firm's performance of seeking relative diversification of innovation activities is better than one of seeking unrelative,(4) the performance of semiconductor industry is related to industry standardization, and division of labor.

透过多元尺度(Multidimensional Scaling；MDS)法与脊回归模型，本文发现：(1)以专利为衡量基础的IC制造业技术发展路径系采渐进式，且厂商间存著同形聚落的情况，(2)具持续性的优势才能使厂商获利，包含专利的累积、创造等与厂商绩效间具有正向关系，(3)追求创新活动相关多元化的厂商绩效相对优於非相关多元化厂商，(4)IC制造业绩效与产业标准、专业分工有关。

The Ink Jet Printing industry emerged around the early 1970s. It is still populated by a number of specialist companies which own, develop and licence the technologies and supply the equipment. They are connected to their end-users by a complex network of dealers, distributors and licensed printer manufacturers. They are supported by ink manufacturers, which in some cases have been bought into the company. This is a study of an enterpise spun-out from Cambridge Consultants Ltd using a new technology, ink jet printing.

喷墨印刷工业露出冰山一角在20世纪70年代，现在仍然被一些专门的厂商所组装，这些厂商拥有，发展，注册这些技术的专利，并且供应这些设备，他们和最终用户通过复杂的经销商网络，发行人和许可打印机制造商，他们被油墨厂商所支持，在一些情况下，油墨厂商被买进公司，这个是一个从剑桥顾问公司使用新喷墨印刷技术衍生出的公司。

The main advantage of precipitation hardening steels in general is that they can be supplied to a manufacturer in an condition of optimal machinability and then the only heat treatment required is an extended very low temperature soak.

沉淀硬化的主要优势在于钢材厂商在将钢材提供给刀具制作厂商的时候可以让H-1保持最好的打磨性，降低刀具制作厂商的加工难度，而刀具制作厂商在完成打磨之后需要做的唯一的热处理就是将H-1进行深冷浸泡以提高强度。

Thirdly, the games of the manager"s investment, the paper analyzes the conversal choice during selecting the investment items and several managers" strategies on drawing the output, the paper builds the game of manufacturers" noncooperation, the game of manufacturers" cooperation, the game of manufacturers fake cooperation, the dynamic game of anticipative predominance and the game of repeated to analyze the investment strategies.

经营者投资博弈，主要对投资项目的逆向选择和n个厂商制订产量投资决策进行分析，建立厂商的不合作静态博弈、厂商合作的博弈模型、厂商假合作博弈、具有占先优势的动态博弈、重复博弈模型来进行分析。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。