卵黄

Oogonium develops into early oocyte in the ovary, and then the oocyte leaves the ovary for the coelomic fluid in the form of single cell or cell mass followed by the rapid separation of the group of oocytes into individual ones. Oocyte enters into the nephridium after its maturation. The rupture of germinal vesicle marks the oocyte maturation. Oocyte in the coelom does not have follicle membrane and vitelline membrane is formed and developed by the oocyte itself. Smaller oocyte (0μm in diameter) is round, and larger ones (≥60μm in diameter) is ovate. The short and long diameters of a morphologically mature oocyte are about 115—120μm and 140—145μm respectively, and the vitelline membrane is 7—9μm thick.

卵原细胞在卵巢中发育至早期卵母细胞时期单个或成团脱离卵巢入体腔液中，卵母细胞团细胞很快分离为单个细胞；卵母细胞在体腔液中发育成熟后进入肾管；生发泡破裂是卵母细胞成熟的标志；体腔中卵母细胞无滤泡膜，卵黄膜的形成与发育靠卵母细胞本身；卵径小于60μm的卵母细胞呈圆形，卵径大于60μm 的卵母细胞为卵圆形，形态上成熟的卵母细胞短径约115—120μm、长径约140—145μm、卵黄膜厚7—9μm。

The variation to vitellin polypeptide was studied by SDS-PAGE during embryogenic and postembryonic development to Chrysopa septempunctata. The results indicated that vitellin was degradated constantly during embryonic development, and the bands of vitellin couldn't be detected in the 4th day of ovum development.

用SDS-PAGE研究了大草蛉胚胎发育和胚后发育过程中卵黄蛋白多肽的变化动态，结果表明，卵黄蛋白在胚胎发育过程中被不断降解，在卵发育的第4天已经基本上看不到卵黄蛋白的条带。

A polyclonal antibody against vitellin was prepared in male rabbits and the specific antibody against vitellin was made through absorbtion by male worm homogenate. After purification, HRP was used to mark antibody, then ELISA was set up to detect vitellin content in the Chrysopa septempunctata fat-body, hemolymph and ovary.

提取了大草蛉的卵黄蛋白，免疫家兔，并将所得抗血清经雄虫匀浆液吸收，获得抗卵黄蛋白的特异抗体，经纯化后，用辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体，建立了ELISA法测定大草蛉脂肪体、血淋巴和卵巢中卵黄蛋白含量的方法。

There was a center zone of dense yolk substance in the zygote, and fingerlike yolk column were given off from the center zone, and varying size yolk granules filled in the yolk column.

受精卵有致密的中心区，由此向周围发散出呈指状突起的卵黄柱，卵黄柱内充满大小不等的卵黄颗粒。

The characteristics of vitellin and its content in vitellogenesis were studied in Propylea japonica. The characterization of vitellin was carried out by PAGE and SDS-PAGE.

研究了龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica卵黄蛋白的基本特性以及卵黄发生过程中卵黄蛋白的动态变化。

The molecular weights of the two subunits were shown 142 KD for the larger one and 47 KD for the smaller one, respectively, on SDS—polyacrylamid electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the native vitellin was determined as 205 KD on native gradient polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis.

用蒸馏水沉淀法从东方粘虫Mythimna seperata新鲜卵中提取卵黄蛋白，SDS-PAGE分析结果显示，粘虫的卵黄蛋白由大小两个亚基组成，大亚基分子量为142KD，小亚基分子量为47KD，线性聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳结果显示，卵黄蛋白的天然分子量为204KD。

The results showed that Golgi complex was an organelle that experienced a series of changes during four stages of the oogenesis of Bullacta exarata , which were oogonia, early vitellogenic oocyte, mid-vitellogenic oocyte and end vitellogenic oocyte.

结果表明，在泥螺卵子发生的四个时期即卵原细胞期、卵黄发生早期、卵黄发生中期和卵黄发生后期，卵母细胞内高尔基复合体经历了一系列的变化。

There was no typical Golgi complex in oogonia, but there were some Golgi vesicles. At the early stage of vitellogenesis, Golgi complex was abundant whose saccules increased to more than ten layers. At the middle stage of vitellogenesis, Golgi complex grew more in numbers and got together, so its secreting quickened. Moreover, it formed a number of Golgi vesicles, which were filled with granule substances that changed into yolk granule finally.

卵原细胞内无典型的高尔基复合体，但具高尔基囊泡；卵黄发生早期，高尔基复合体发达，膜囊数达10多层；卵黄发生中期，高尔基复合体分泌活动加快，产生大量的大小囊泡，囊泡内充满颗粒状物质，最后演变成卵黄颗粒。

Stage I of both male and female stone flounder appears only once in all its life, and the germ cells are comprised by spermatogonia or oogonia. The gonad from Mar to Aug keeps at stage II. The gonad index of testis at this stage is 0.037%, and the amount of spermatogonia is increased quickly. There is some linear germ plasm in the cytoplasm of spermatogina. In ovary at this stage it is mostly composed by oocyte of phase 2 which the character is the appearance of yolk nucleus, and no zona radiate in membrane. The mean GI of ovary is 1.95%. From Sep to Oct gonad is at stage III which testis is composed by lots of spermatogina and few spermatocytes, and the mean GI of testis at this stage is 0.086%. In ovary the ooctyes at phase 3 are in dominate position, the yolk nucleus disappear. And the GI of this stage is 3.35%. Both testis and ovary are at stage IV in Nov. hi testis the germ cells are in spermiogenesis, and the mean GI is 0.93%. hi ovary the oocytes are mostly at phase 4, which are filled in the cytoplasm with vitellin granule, and the zona radiate in membrane begins to formation. Nucleus moves to one side of the oocyte gradually. The mean GI of ovary at this stage is 9.37%.

在每年的3月-8月期间性腺处于Ⅱ期，此期精巢中精原细胞明显增多，胞质局部可见有线状的生殖质存在，平均成熟系数为0.037％；卵巢中以2时相卵母细胞为主，可见细胞质中出现强嗜碱性的卵黄核，细胞外由一层滤泡细胞包围，但尚无放射带，平均成熟系数为1.95％。9月-10月期间性腺处于Ⅲ期，此期精巢中仍有大量精原细胞，同时可见部分精母细胞，平均成熟系数为0.086％；卵巢中以3时石鲜孟加限加$玩印面n洲匆s性腺发生、分化及发育的周年变化相卵母细胞为主，细胞质中的卵黄核己消失，平均成熟系数为3.35%。11月性腺处于IV期，此期精巢内精细胞正处于不同的形成过程中，平均成熟系数为0.93%；卵巢中以4时相卵母细胞为主，胞质中充满染成桔红色的卵黄颗粒。

Inthe whole process, the oocytes, nurse cell and follicle cell morphology change. Inoocyte yolk formation and growth, the number of its nuclear trophoblast cell nucleoli,lamphrush chromosome with a strong synthetic material; oocytes also some syntheticmaterial; follicle cells in the yolk protein synthesis, provide access to exogenous yolkprotein.

在卵子发生的整个过程中，卵母细胞、滋养细胞及滤泡细胞形态均有明显变化；在卵母细胞生长及卵黄形成期，滋养细胞核内的多核仁现象、灯刷染色体与旺盛的物质合成有关；卵母细胞本身也合成一些物质；滤泡细胞参与卵黄蛋白的合成，并为外源性卵黄蛋白提供通道。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。