卵裂细胞

There were 8 embryos single blastomere amplified, and the amplification success rate was 72. 7%(8/11); 3 embryos' not amplified; 2 embryos'showed preferential amplification , and the PA rate was 25%(2/8); and the 7 tubes of blank with washing cell solution were not contaminated. We transferred 3 unaffected embryos to the uterus. But unfortunately, blood hCG was negative after 2 weeks of transferring indicating no pregnancy.

共8枚胚胎的单卵裂球得到扩增，扩增成功率为72.7%（8/11），3枚未得到扩增，2枚发生了偏性扩增(preferentialamplification，PA)，PA的发生率为25%（2/8），细胞洗脱液空白对照7管均无污染发生。3枚诊断为正常的胚胎被移植入宫内，不幸的是，移植后2周，血hCG阴性，证明未妊娠。

From the difference of cleavage rate, rate of 4~8-cell embryo and rate of embryo of more than 8-cell, a best kind of semen for getting early embryonic blastomere cells in the lab could be screened out.

通过比较不同类型精液(鲜精、附睾精液和冷冻—解冻精液)IVF的卵裂率、4～8-细胞胚胎率以及8-细胞以上胚胎率差异，筛选出适合本实验室获得早期胚胎细胞来源的精液。

The cells of the blastula called blastomeres also each receive a full diploid set of chromosomes.

这些囊胚细胞，称卵裂球，每个细胞都有一套二倍体染色体组。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

In this study, the effects of STH and insulin on porcine in vitro oocyte maturation and cleavage after parthenogenetic activation were investigated.

研究了生长激素、胰岛素单独或者联合作用对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后卵裂的影响。

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to observe the distribution of fibronectin in human oocyte and 2-cell to morulae embryos.

纤维粘连蛋白均匀分布在体外未受精人卵母细胞和受精后人胚胎早期发育的不同阶段的卵裂球表面，各时期的免疫荧光强度未见明显差别。透明带未见纤维粘连蛋白表达。

Methods Mouse endometrial epithelial cells were isolated and cultured,then it was cocultured with mouse embryos fertilized in vitro.

对小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞进行分离、培养鉴定，然后与体外受精的小鼠胚胎进行共培养，观察共培养对小鼠胚胎卵裂率、孵化率以及囊胚期胚胎总细胞数的影响。

Most sperm nuclei eventually developed into the male pronuclei, just like the normal sperms, except sperm nuclei in a few zygotes kept dense throughout the fertilization process. Dense chromosome body was seen at the nuclear area during the prophase of first mitosis, and in the middle of spindle at metaphase of first mitosis.

精子入卵后形成精核，大多能够逐渐解凝、液化并膨大，最终形成形态正常的雄性原核，但在第一次卵裂早期退化成浓缩的染色质小体，并在胞质分裂时随机地分配到其中一个子细胞里的分裂沟附近。

Methods and Results Experiment 1: Intracytoplasmic injection of rat sperm heads was performed using 7~10 μm and 2~4 μm diameter pipettes and different injected method respectively.

方法和结果实验1：用直径为7~10μm和2~4μm的注射针以及相应的注射方法进行大鼠ICSI，ICSI后卵母细胞存活率(30.5% vs。 61.3%)和卵裂率(12.5% vs。 51.1%)均差异显著(P.05)；实验2：分别在hCG后14 h、16 h和18 h取卵进行ICSI，三组存活率77.4%、74.1% vs。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。