卵裂的

Cleavage velocity and fragment amount of embryo were related to chromosome 21 aneuploidy.

胚胎卵裂的速度和胚胎碎片的多少与胚胎内部染色体的非整倍性存在着相关性。

The snail was found to have an indirect developmental type in the early development. The fertilized eggs were oval-shaped and discoidal cleavage. Embryonic development stages were divided into cleavage, blastula, gastrulae, trochophore, and intra-membrane veliger. Larval development stages included veliger, late veliger and crawling larvae metamorphosed to juvenile.

结果表明：黄口荔枝螺卵囊高度平均为7.33 mm，卵粒数量平均为165粒；黄口荔枝螺的早期发育属间接发生型，受精卵呈椭圆形，卵裂为盘状卵裂；在卵囊内，胚胎发育包括卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚、膜内担轮幼虫、膜内面盘幼虫；幼虫发育包括面盘幼虫、后期面盘幼虫和匍匐幼虫。

These observations show that reprogramming is easier in interspecific embryos reconstructed with ES cells than that reconstructed with somatic cells, and that ES cells have the higher ability to direct the reconstructed embryo development normally than fibroblast cells. Oocytes were reconstructed with outbreeding Kunming albino mouse ES cells and enucleated rabbit oocytes, and the effects of the passages of ES cells and 6-DMAP on the development of interspecific reconstructed oocytes were analyzed. The interspecific reconstructed ES-rabbit oocytes were activated either by combined two set electric pulses and 6-DMAP or by two set electr

以上结果显示，6－DMAP能增加胚胎干细胞异种重构卵的卵裂率，对重构卵囊胚的发育率影响不大；高培养代数和低培养代数的胚胎干细胞用于异种核移植不影响异种重构卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率；用胚胎干细胞作为供核细胞；比体细胞作为供核细胞所构建的异种重构胚更容易进行重编程，并且胚胎于细胞指导异种克隆胚胎正常发育的能力强于体细胞。

The results show that FISH can be used in experimental study and clinical application of PGD; 3. The cause of multi- pronucleus in embryos from IVF or ICSI would be different.

IVF受精和 ICSI受精的3PN胚胎发育有差异，证明＊F受精和 ICSI受精的3PN中的原核的来源是不同，导致胚胎第一次卵裂的方式也不同。

The result of frozen MⅡoocytes using three methods indcated that the self-restraintspear method was better than OPS, and the effection of frozen altogether with self-restraintspear method and centrifugal was the best; the frozen effection was not ideal using fluidspear for 8- cell ovocyte.

用三种冷冻方法(OPS法；自制移液枪头法；移液枪头法+离心法)对MⅡ卵母细胞冷冻的结果表明，自制移液枪头法优于OPS法，其中以移液枪头法+离心组的冷冻效果最好；用移液枪头法对体外发育到8-细胞期卵母细胞的冷冻效果不理想。MⅡ期卵母细胞用OPS法冷冻后卵母细胞IVF和电激活的卵裂率都显著高于移液枪头法(P＜0.01)，电激活后2-细胞卵裂率比IVF高。

In this study, the effects of STH and insulin on porcine in vitro oocyte maturation and cleavage after parthenogenetic activation were investigated.

研究了生长激素、胰岛素单独或者联合作用对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后卵裂的影响。

Leaves simple; petiole 1.5--4(--7) mm; leaf blade ovate or lanceolate in outline, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, sometimes pinnatilobed, 0.5--5 × 0.3--3 cm, leathery, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base cuneate or subtruncate; lobes in 1--3(or 4) pairs, undivided and linear or subrhombic and unequally 2- or 3-lobulate, 4--15 mm, apex acute; lobules ovate, triangular, or linear; midvein abaxially slightly prominent or flat, inconspicuous.

单叶 叶柄1.5-4(-7)毫米；叶片卵形或披针形轮廓，羽状深裂或羽状全裂，有时羽状浅裂的， 0.5-5 * 0.3-3 厘米，革质，两面稀疏被微柔毛的或近无毛，基部楔形或近截形；在对，不裂和线形或1-3(或4)内裂片和不相等2或3具小裂片，4-15毫米，先端锐尖；卵形，三角形的小裂片，或线形；中脉的背面的稍突出或平，不显眼。

This experiment aimed to systematically investigate and analyze the ethanol activated rates of mouse oocytes, affected factors of oocytes activation, types and development of parthenotes, and the organization and roles of the cytoskeleton during pronuclear formation and migration and early embryo cleavage by ethanol activation of oocytes, embryo culture in vitro and immunofluorescence cyto-chemistry. The results:(1) The ethanol activation of mouse oocytes showed that the activated and developmental rates of oocytes increased significantly with the increase of ethanol concentration and extension of exposure time, but over concentration and exposure time would result in increased fragment rates significantly. 7% ethanol treated oocytes for 7min was the optimum activated condition.

本实验主要利用卵母细胞的乙醇激活、胚胎体外培养和免疫荧光细胞化学方法对小鼠卵母细胞乙醇激活效率、影响因素、孤雌胚类型、发育、原核形成、迁移及早期胚胎卵裂过程中细胞骨架的组装、作用等进行了系统的研究和分析，结果显示：(1)小鼠卵母细胞的乙醇激活结果表明，随着乙醇浓度的升高和作用时间的延长，卵母细胞激活率和发育率都显著提高，但乙醇浓度过高和作用时间过长会导致卵母细胞碎裂率的显著增加，7%乙醇作用卵母细胞7min 为最佳激活条件。

Our study includes four aspects. In the first aspect we study several important conditions of porcine oocytes maturation in vitro and oocytes cleavage after parthenogenetic activation and found mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15% PFF+0.57mMcysteine is a good culture condition .When the Cocs are cultured in it ,the maturation rate and oocytes cleavage rate are higher than those of foreign covered. Our result are (86.7±3.35)% and (86.3±4.16)% and the highest report of foreign is(85.7±4.1)%.In the second aspect we study the effect of different chemical activations on development of porcine parthennogenetic embryo and found two best activation method. The first one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 20μmol/L ionomycin for 30 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 5μg/mICB and 5mM/L6-DMAP for 3.5 hours, the oocytes cleavage rate and morulae/blastocysts development rate are (76.7±7.6)% and (37.1±6.4)%.The second one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 200μM/L Thimerosal for 20 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 8mM DTT for 30 minutes

本研究分为4个部分，第一部分对影响猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎分裂的几个重要条件进行了比较研究，确立了一种较好的培养方法：与颗粒细胞共培养，找到了一种适合猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养基：mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15%PFF+0.57mM半胱氨酸，成熟率和分裂率分别为(86.7±3.35)%和(86.3±4.16)%，国外报道的最高成熟率为(85.7±4.1)%；第二部分对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的化学方法进行了研究，确立了化学激活猪卵母细胞的两种最佳方法：1将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞用20μmol/Lionomycin作用30min，再将卵母细胞培养于含5μg/mlCB和5mM/L 6-DMAP(6-二甲基氨基嘌呤)的NCSU-23培养液中，卵裂率和桑囊胚发育率达到(76.7±7.6)%和(37.1±6.4)%2将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞在200μM/L的Thimerosal中处理20min，再与8mM的DTT共孵育30min，卵裂率和桑/囊胚形成率为(81.0±2.8)%和(39.6±2.7)%；第三部分对孤雌激活胚胎的培养条件进行了研究，确立了一种最佳的胚胎培养条件：在SOF简单培养基中添加颗粒细胞进行前3天的培养，然后转入添加胎牛血清的NCSU—23培养基并和输卵管上皮细胞进行后期的培养，其桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%；第四部分研究了IGF-I

The sixth, there were no significantly differences between colchicine groupsand vinblastine groups on the metaphases, in the experiment of prepare mouse4-cell embryo stage single blastomere chromosome specimen by using optimumparameters; and there were significantly differences between colchicine groupsand vinblastine groups on the metaphases (P＜0.05), in the experiment of preparemouse 8-cell embryo stage single blastomere chromosome specimen by usingoptimum parameters.The end, the preparation quality of mouse 4-and 8-cell embryo stage singleblastomere specimen were 2.5, 2.7, 2.4, 1.9, respectively.

低渗液选用0.45％氯化钠时，低渗效果优于选用0.5％柠檬酸钠和0.35％氯化钾的。6、在利用最佳参数制备小鼠4-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本时，经统计分析，两种阻断剂的作用效果差异不显著；而在制备小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体时阻断剂选用长春花碱的效果优于秋水仙素的(P＜0.05)。7、秋水仙素组和长春花碱组小鼠4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本制备质量分别为：2.5、2.7、2.4、1.9。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。