卵母细胞

The animal pole process punched in to the follicle and made a gap on it, and then the whole oocyte got out through this gap. Two forces may response to ovulation: the hydration of jelly space and contraction of follicle. Two MTOC are anchored beneath the animal pole process.

卵母细胞通过动物极突起连接到滤泡上，在脱滤泡作用开始时，卵母细胞动物极突起刺入并穿过滤泡膜，使得滤泡膜表面形成一个缺口，然后整个卵母细胞开始从缺口处挤出。

During denuded mice oocyte mature process in vitro, the cortical granulesmay have abnormal numbers or generation problems. This may be another reason thatmakes denude oocytes matured in vitro have a clearly deficiency on fertilization invitro.

3去除卵丘细胞的小鼠卵母细胞在体外成熟过程中，皮质颗粒可能存在继发性生成障碍或者数量异常，该结果可能是去除卵丘细胞的小鼠卵母细胞存在体外受精障碍的原因之一。

The results shown as follow: 1. The study on mice denuded oocytesin vitro maturation, in vitro fertilizationand in vitro development. This part of paper is to discuss whether the remove of granulose cells can affect the mice oocytes maturation rates, fertilization rates and development rates in vitro.

一、去除卵丘细胞的小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精初步研究本实验探讨了不同成分明确的成熟培养液对去除卵丘细胞的小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精和胚胎的体外发育的影响。

All expression of c-kit in oogenesis of Acrida cinerea may be related with the growth and mature of oocyte, as well as the beginning of vitellogenesis.

卵母细胞的第六阶段及第七阶段的弱阳性反应主要存在于卵母细胞与滤泡细胞之间，可能与卵母细胞的成熟有关。

According to the size and shape of oocyte, the morphology of nucleolus, the growth of yolk and the structure of follicle, oogenesis of H. d. supertexta can be divided into three stages as follows: oogonium, previtellogenic oocyte and vitellogenic oocyte. The ovary wall is composed of tunica adventitia and germinal epithelium which will produce oogonia and follicle cells. The follicle is the structure unit of ovary.

根据卵细胞的大小、形状，核仁的形态，卵黄颗粒的积累情况，滤泡的结构等，将九孔鲍卵子的发生分为卵原细胞、卵黄发生前的卵母细胞和卵黄发生期的卵母细胞3个时期；卵巢壁由外膜及内生殖上皮构成，生殖上皮分化产生卵原细胞和滤泡细胞；卵巢的结构单位是滤泡。

Result The spindles of oocytes were abnormal at 25℃ for 20 min, and disappeared at 25℃ for 30 min or at 4℃ for 10 min. 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml Cytochalasin B for 2 h had no effects on the spindles of the oocytes. The spindles of oocytes were abnormal in 20 μmol/L colchicines for 1 h, and disappeared in 40 μmol/L colchicines for 1 h. The structure of spindles were perfect for 1-12 h when the oocytes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde.

结果］卵母细胞在25℃、20 min时纺锤体异常，25℃、30 min或4℃、10 min时纺锤体缺失；5、10、20和40μg/ml细胞松弛素B作用2 h未对纺锤体产生影响；卵母细胞在20μmol/L秋水仙素中作用1 h纺锤体异常，40μmol/L时作用1 h纺锤体缺失；在4%多聚甲醛中4℃条件下，卵母细胞纺锤体结构以固定时间为1~12 h效果较好。

Rising of fertilization membrane during induced maturation indicates insemination is not necessary to form the fertilization membrane. The oocyte will not become fertilizable until GVBD has happened and can still be fertilized after the second polar body extrusion.

卵母细胞只有在生发泡破裂之后才具有受精能力，从生发泡破裂到第二极体排出前的整个减数分裂过程中，卵母细胞都可以受精，但是只有在第一极体排出前受精的卵母细胞才能发生卵裂。

This experiment first studied in the mature nutrient medium to increase the hormone to the porine ovocyte in vitro mature process in the chromosome configuration and the mature rate influence, by explored the porine ovocyte in vitro mature rule, enhanced in vitro raise maturity, was the ROSI technology system preparation high quality ovocyte; Then has carried on the experiment in view of the porine round sperm cell in vitro separation, through to the ROSI operation and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the comparison which ICSI) operated studies has affected the ROSI operation the factor.

本试验首先研究了成熟培养液中添加激素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中染色体构型和成熟率的影响，以探索猪卵母细胞体外成熟规律，提高体外培养成熟度，为ROSI技术体系准备优质卵母细胞；然后针对猪圆形精细胞的体外分离进行了试验，进而通过对ROSI操作和ICSI(Intracytoplasmic sperm injection，ICSI)操作的比较研究了影响ROSI操作的因素。

Inthe whole process, the oocytes, nurse cell and follicle cell morphology change. Inoocyte yolk formation and growth, the number of its nuclear trophoblast cell nucleoli,lamphrush chromosome with a strong synthetic material; oocytes also some syntheticmaterial; follicle cells in the yolk protein synthesis, provide access to exogenous yolkprotein.

在卵子发生的整个过程中，卵母细胞、滋养细胞及滤泡细胞形态均有明显变化；在卵母细胞生长及卵黄形成期，滋养细胞核内的多核仁现象、灯刷染色体与旺盛的物质合成有关；卵母细胞本身也合成一些物质；滤泡细胞参与卵黄蛋白的合成，并为外源性卵黄蛋白提供通道。

The cumulus cells of OCC were cut off and dispersed by 1 mL syringe. The cumulus cells were co-cultured with the immature oocytes retrieved from the COH cycles after they adherent to the bottom of the dish. The immature oocytes were experienced IVM procedures in different culture media. They were divided into 3 groups(the oocytes at germinal vesicle stage from one woman were allotted to the same group randomly). Group 1: basic culture medium+ human follicular fluid; Group 2: solution A+ cumulus cells; Group 3: solution A+ OCC+ follicle stimulating hormone + epidermal growth factor. Then, the maturation rate, fertilization rate and formation rate of available embryo were observed.

在控制性促排卵周期有未成熟卵母细胞时，将同周期成熟卵丘复合体切出部分卵丘细胞，用1 mL注射器抽打分散细胞，贴壁培养。113个治疗周期中，298枚生发泡期卵母细胞经3种不同培养液体外成熟培养(同一病人的生发泡期卵被随机分到某同一组中)：第1组28个周期中73枚：基础培养液+卵泡液；第2组40个周期中115枚：A液+分散贴壁的卵丘细胞；第3组45个周期中110枚：A液+分散贴壁的卵丘细胞+促卵泡生成激素+表皮生长因子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。