卵子的

There is a type of immune infertility where the woman produces antibodies to her partner's sperm. It's a kind of isoimmunization. Another type of immuni infertility is autoimmunization where the man produces antibodies to his own sperm or the woman produces antibodies to her own ovum.

所谓精子的免疫，就是太太的免疫系统攻击先生的精子，这是属於同种免疫；当先生的免疫系统攻击自己的精子，或太太的免疫系统攻击自己的卵子，以上这两者就是属於自体免疫。

In ovary, PNA receptors appeared in the oocyte cytoplasm of second phases of oogenesis; the positive granules gradually increased from third to forth phases, and they exhibit a maximum expression before vitellogennic stage in cytoplasm of oocyte; from vitellogennic stage to chorionation stage, the positive granules gradually reduced. Binding sites on follicle cells were changed with their morphological variation in every stage of oogenesis.The staged and specific expression of oncogene c-kit, the tyrosine-kinase receptor, is closely related with gametogenesis.

2在中华蚱蜢卵子发生的早期，PNA受体是由卵母细胞自身合成；在卵黄发生前的准备时期，卵母细胞质中的PNA受体一部分来源于自身合成，另一部分则来源于滤泡细胞，而糖复合物的大量出现可能直接与卵黄发生有关；卵黄发生期PNA受体的减少可能是在卵黄物质形成中部分发生了修饰；卵黄和卵壳的相继形成过程中，阳性反应的出现说明PNA受体参与了卵黄膜及卵壳的形成，而这些受体物质是由滤泡细胞分泌的。

This work is one of the most important bases of eliminating locusts. Studying the oogenesis of insects has important significance on demonstrating the reproductive mechanism and controlling locusts" fertility. At the same time, it"s an important means of studying the forecast of pests and the law of occurrence. It can reveal the law of ovipositing and explain the physiological basis of pests" occurrence, thus design "biorational insecticide.

研究昆虫的卵子发生对于阐明昆虫的生殖机理和控制繁殖具有重要的实践意义，是研究害虫预测预报和发生规律的一种重要手段，同时可以揭示昆虫大量产卵的规律，阐明害虫大发生的生理基础，从而设计出"生物合理的杀虫剂"，并为促进有益昆虫的大量繁殖提供理论依据。

The results show:(1) In testis, PNA receptors sites were firstly observed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primary spermatocyte, and greatly increased in the plasma membrane of second spermatocyte, then decreased and were accumulated in the tail of the round spermatid. The same reaction was observed in sperms of testis and spermatheca, which shows stronger reaction in head and weaker in tail. A universal dyeing was observed on the plasma membrane of sertoli cells.

结果表明：(1)在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中，PNA受体是由初级精母细胞合成，然后转移到膜上，在次级精母细胞，由于量的积累其质膜出现了强阳性标记；从早期精子细胞到成熟精子时期糖蛋白的分布发生了明显的修饰变化，这些变化与精子获得与卵子进行识别、粘附、结合等受精能力密切相关：受精囊内与精巢内的精子表面的标记是相同的，说明质膜糖蛋白的修饰作用在精巢内就已完成。

Plenty of studies have been made towards unraveling the complex intraovarian control mechanisms that act in concert with systemic signals to solve some clinical problems, improve the outcome of assisted reproductive technology and establish the in vitro maturation system.

许多研究致力于探索卵泡发育的正常生理精确过程，以更好的了解人类配子发育过程及生殖奥秘，更好的解决一些临床疾病；在辅助生育技术(Assistant reproductive technology，ART)中提高临床妊娠率，建立完善的体内外卵子成熟的体系，这是人类生殖研究中一个重要课题。

In the first study,doctors in Britain and Australia found that infants conceived with both straightforward test－tube methods and a more invasive technique called intra－cytoplasmic sperm in jection,in which sperm is injected directly into the egg,have an 8.6% risk of major birth defects－－including heart and kidney abnormalities,cleft palate and undescended testicles －－ compared with the 4.2% rate in babies made the old－fashioned way.

在第一篇研究报告中，英国和澳大利亚的医生们发现，直接的试管受精和通过更具侵入性的技术－－把精液通过注射直接与卵子相遇的方法而出生的婴儿，有8.6％存在着主要由出生造成的缺陷的危险性－－包括心脏、肾功能不正常、裂腭、男孩隐睾症等。而正常受孕出生的孩子这种现象的比率只为4.2％。第二个研究报告

The eggs came from black mice, while the foster mothers were all white mice. The baby mice all came out coffee-colored, the color of their identical DNA mother.

卵子来自黑色的老鼠，而养母全部是白色的老鼠，幼鼠的毛色却均为咖啡色，正是提供它们dna的母亲的毛色。

This indicates that under the condition of physiological climax, men and women can produce good-quality sperms and ovums respectively. It is the objective existence that cannot be changed by people's thoughts.

这说明人类在生理高潮期的条件下，男性能够产生优质的精子和女性能够产生优质的卵子，这是不以人的意志为转移的客观存在。

The process that led to Dolly began with the transfer of the nucleus of an adult cell to an unfertilised egg taken from a donor animal by a process known as cell fusion.

多利诞生的过程是这样开始的：通过一个叫细胞合成的过程，把一个成体细胞核移植到一个取自供体动物的未受精的卵子上。

Found only on the islands of Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, the happy face spider, such as this one guarding its eggs on a leaf in Maui, is known for the unique patterns that decorate its pale abdomen.

在夏威夷群岛包括如瓦胡岛，毛伊岛，莫洛凯岛，可以发现一种蜘蛛的高兴的脸孔，因为这是它正在保护自己产下的卵子在一片树叶上。现在知道它唯一的模式是蜘蛛装饰其腹部呈苍白色的原因。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。